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made the pack completely portable and wrote relevent bat files to go with it

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SSH Proxy Command -- connect.c
==============================
`connect.c` is a simple relaying command to make network connection
via SOCKS and https proxy. It is mainly intended to be used as proxy
command of OpenSSH. You can make SSH session beyond the firewall with
this command,
Features of `connect.c` are:
* Supports SOCKS (version 4/4a/5) and https CONNECT method.
* Supports NO-AUTH and USERPASS authentication of SOCKS5
* You can input password from tty, `ssh-askpass` or environment variable.
* Run on UNIX or Windows platform.
* You can compile with various C compiler (cc, gcc, Visual C, Borland C. etc.)
* Simple and general program independent from OpenSSH.
* You can also relay local socket stream instead of standard I/O.
You can download source code
(http://bitbucket.org/gotoh/connect/raw/tip/connect.c[connect.c])
on the http://bitbucket.org/gotoh/connect/[project page].
Pre-compiled binary for MS Windows is also available on
http://bitbucket.org/gotoh/connect/downloads/[download page].
What is proxy command?
----------------------
OpenSSH development team decides to stop supporting SOCKS and any
other tunneling mechanism. It was aimed to separate complexity to
support various mechanism of proxying from core code. And they
recommends more flexible mechanism: ProxyCommand option instead.
Proxy command mechanism is delegation of network stream
communication. If ProxyCommand options is specified, SSH invoke
specified external command and talk with standard I/O of thid
command. Invoked command undertakes network communication with
relaying to/from standard input/output including iniitial
communication or negotiation for proxying. Thus, ssh can split out
proxying code into external command.
The `connect.c` program was made for this purpose.
How to Use
----------
Get Source
~~~~~~~~~~
You can get source code from http://bitbucket.org/gotoh/connect/downloads/[project download page].
Pre-compiled MS Windows binary is also available there.
Compile and Install
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In most environment, you can compile `connect.c` simply. On UNIX
environment, you can use cc or gcc. On Windows environment, you can
use Microsoft Visual C, Borland C or Cygwin gcc.
UNIX cc:: `cc connect.c -o connect`
UNIX gcc:: `gcc connect.c -o connect`
Solaris:: `gcc connect.c -o connect -lnsl -lsocket -lresolv`
Microsoft Visual C/C++:: `cl connect.c wsock32.lib advapi32.lib`
Borland C:: `bcc32 connect.c wsock32.lib advapi32.lib`
Cygwin gcc:: `gcc connect.c -o connect`
Mac OS/Darwin:: `gcc connect.c -o connect -lresolv`
To install connect command, simply copy compiled binary to directory
in your `PATH` (ex. `/usr/local/bin`). Like this:
----
$ cp connect /usr/local/bin
----
Modify your `~/.ssh/config`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Modify your `~/.ssh/config` file to use connect command as proxy
command. For the case of SOCKS server is running on firewall host
socks.local.net with port 1080, you can add `ProxyCommand` option in
`~/.ssh/config`, like this:
----
Host remote.outside.net
ProxyCommand connect -S socks.local.net %h %p
----
`%h` and `%p` will be replaced on invoking proxy command with target
hostname and port specified to SSH command.
If you hate writing many entries of remote hosts, following example
may help you.
----
## Outside of the firewall, use connect command with SOCKS conenction.
Host *
ProxyCommand connect -S socks.local.net %h %p
## Inside of the firewall, use connect command with direct connection.
Host *.local.net
ProxyCommand connect %h %p
----
If you want to use http proxy, use `-H` option instead of `-S` option
in examle above, like this:
----
## Outside of the firewall, with HTTP proxy
Host *
ProxyCommand connect -H proxy.local.net:8080 %h %p
## Inside of the firewall, direct
Host *.local.net
ProxyCommand connect %h %p
----
Use SSH
~~~~~~~
After editing your `~/.ssh/config` file, you are ready to use ssh. You
can execute ssh without any special options as if remote host is IP
reachable host. Following is an example to execute hostname command on
host `remote.outside.net`.
----
local$ ssh remote.outside.net hostname
Hello, this is remote.outside.net
remote$
----
Have trouble?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you have trouble, execute connect command from command line with `-d`
option to see what is happened. Some debug message may appear and
reports progress. This information may tell you what is wrong. In this
example, error has occurred on authentication stage of SOCKS5
protocol.
----
$ connect -d -S socks.local.net unknown.remote.outside.net 110
DEBUG: relay_method = SOCKS (2)
DEBUG: relay_host=socks.local.net
DEBUG: relay_port=1080
DEBUG: relay_user=gotoh
DEBUG: socks_version=5
DEBUG: socks_resolve=REMOTE (2)
DEBUG: local_type=stdio
DEBUG: dest_host=unknown.remote.outside.net
DEBUG: dest_port=110
DEBUG: Program is $Revision: 1.20 $
DEBUG: connecting to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1080
DEBUG: begin_socks_relay()
DEBUG: atomic_out() [4 bytes]
DEBUG: >>> 05 02 00 02
DEBUG: atomic_in() [2 bytes]
DEBUG: <<< 05 02
DEBUG: auth method: USERPASS
DEBUG: atomic_out() [some bytes]
DEBUG: >>> xx xx xx xx ...
DEBUG: atomic_in() [2 bytes]
DEBUG: <<< 01 01
ERROR: Authentication faield.
FATAL: failed to begin relaying via SOCKS.
----
More Detail
-----------
Command line usage is here:
----
usage: connect [-dnhs45] [-R resolve] [-p local-port] [-w sec]
[-H [user@]proxy-server[:port]]
[-S [user@]socks-server[:port]]
host port
----
host and port is target hostname and port-number to connect.
`-H` [user@]server[:port]::
Specify hostname and port number of http proxy server to
relay. If port is omitted, 80 is used.
`-h`::
Use HTTP proxy via proxy server sepcified by environment variable
`HTTP_PROXY`.
`-S` \[_user_@]_server_\[:_port_]::
Specify hostname and port number of SOCKS server to
relay. Like `-H` option, port number can be omit and default is 1080.
`-s`::
Use SOCKS proxy via SOCKS server sepcified by environment variable
`SOCKS5_SERVER`.
`-4`:: Use SOCKS version 4 protocol.
This option must be used with `-S`.
`-5`:: Use SOCKS version 5 protocol.
This option must be used with `-S`.
`-R` _method_:: The method to resolve hostname. 3 keywords (`local`,
`remote`, `both`) or dot-notation IP address is allowed. Keyword
both means; _"Try local first, then remote"_. If dot-notation IP
address is specified, use this host as nameserver (UNIX
only). Default is remote for SOCKS5 or local for others. On SOCKS4
protocol, remote resolving method (remote and both) use protocol
version 4a.
`-p` _port_:: Accept on local TCP port and relay it instead of standard input
and output. With this option, program will terminate when remote or
local TCP session is closed.
`-w` _timeout_:: Timeout seconds for connecting to remote host.
`-a` _auth_:: option specifiys user intended authentication methods
separated by comma. Currently `userpass` and `none` are
supported. Default is userpass. You can also specifying this parameter
by the environment variable `SOCKS5_AUTH`.
`-d`: Run with debug message output. If you fail to connect, use this
option to see what is done.
As additional feature,
you can omit port argument when program name is special format
containing port number itself like "connect-25". For example:
----
$ ln -s connect connect-25
$ ./connect-25 smtphost.outside.net
220 smtphost.outside.net ESMTP Sendmail
QUIT
221 2.0.0 smtphost.remote.net closing connection
$
----
This example means that the command name "connect-25" indicates port
number 25 so you can omit 2nd argument (and used if specified
explicitly).
This is usefull for the application which invokes only with hostname
argument.
Specifying user name via environment variables
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are 5 environemnt variables to specify user name without command
line option. This mechanism is usefull for the user who using another
user name different from system account.
`SOCKS5_USER`::
Used for SOCKS v5 access.
`SOCKS4_USER`::
Used for SOCKS v4 access.
`SOCKS_USER`::
Used for SOCKS v5 or v4 access and varaibles above are not defined.
`HTTP_PROXY_USER`::
Used for HTTP proxy access.
`CONNECT_USER`::
Used for all type of access if all above are not defined.
Following table describes how user name is determined. Left most number is order to check. If variable is not defined, check next variable, and so on.
[width="50%"]
|====
| | SOCKS v5 | SOCKS v4 | HTTP proxy
| 1 | `SOCKS5_USER` | `SOCKS4_USER` .2+^| `HTTP_PROXY_USER`
| 2 2+^| `SOCKS_USER`
| 3 3+^| `CONNECT_USER`
| 4 3+^| (query user name to system)
|====
Specifying password via environment variables
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There are 5 environemnt variables to specify password. If you use this
feature, please note that it is not secure way.
`SOCKS5_PASSWD`::
Used for SOCKS v5 access. This variables is compatible with NEC SOCKS implementation.
`SOCKS5_PASSWORD`::
Used for SOCKS v5 access if `SOCKS5_PASSWD` is not defined.
`SOCKS_PASSWORD`::
Used for SOCKS v5 (or v4) access all above is not defined.
`HTTP_PROXY_PASSWORD`::
Used for HTTP proxy access.
`CONNECT_PASSWORD`::
Used for all type of access if all above are not defined.
Following table describes how password is determined. Left most number
is order to check. If variable is not defined, check next variable,
and so on. Finally ask to user interactively using external program or
tty input.
[width="50%"]
|====
| | SOCKS v5 | HTTP proxy
| 1 | `SOCKS5_PASSWD` .2+^| `HTTP_PROXY_PASSWORD`
| 2 | `SOCKS_PASSWORD`
| 3 2+^| `CONNECT_PASSWORD`
| 4 2+^| (ask to user interactively)
|====
Limitations
-----------
SOCKS5 authentication
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Only NO-AUTH and USER/PASSWORD authentications are supported. GSSAPI
authentication (RFC 1961) and other draft authentications (CHAP, EAP,
MAF, etc.) is not supported.
HTTP authentication
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
BASIC authentication is supported but DIGEST authentication is not.
Switching proxy server on event
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
There is no mechanism to switch proxy server regarding to PC
environment. This limitation might be bad news for mobile user. Since
I do not want to make this program complex, I do not want to support
although this feature is already requested. Please advice me if there
is good idea of detecting environment to swich and simple way to
specify conditioned directive of servers.
One tricky workaround exists. It is replacing `~/.ssh/config` file by
script on ppp up/down.
There's another example of wrapper script (contributed by Darren
Tucker). This script costs executing ifconfig and grep to detect
current environment, but it works. Note that you should modify
addresses if you use it.
----
#!/bin/sh
## ~/bin/myconnect --- Proxy server switching wrapper
if ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr:192\.168\.1" >/dev/null; then
opts="-S 192.168.1.1:1080"
elif ifconfig eth0 |grep "inet addr:10\." >/dev/null; then
opts="-H 10.1.1.1:80"
else
opts="-s"
fi
exec /usr/local/bin/connect $opts $@
----
Tips
----
Proxying socket connection
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In usual, `connect.c` relays network connection to/from standard
input/output. By specifying -p option, however, `connect.c` relays local
network stream instead of standard input/output. With this option,
connect command waits connection from other program, then start
relaying between both network stream.
This feature may be useful for the program which is hard to SOCKSify.
Use with ssh-askpass command
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`connect.c` ask you password when authentication is required. If you
are using on tty/pty terminal, connect can input from terminal with
prompt. But you can also use ssh-askpass program to input password. If
you are graphical environment like X Window or MS Windows, and program
does not have tty/pty, and environment variable `SSH_ASKPASS` is
specified, then `connect.c` invoke command specified by environment
variable SSH_ASKPASS to input password. ssh-askpass program might be
installed if you are using OpenSSH on UNIX environment. On Windows
environment, pre-compiled binary is available from here.
This feature is limited on window system environment.
And also useful on Emacs on MS Windows (NT Emacs or Meadow). It is
hard to send passphrase to connect command (and also ssh) because
external command is invoked on hidden terminal and do I/O with this
terminal. Using ssh-askpass avoids this problem.
Use for Network Stream of Emacs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although `connect.c` is made for OpenSSH, it is generic and independent
from OpenSSH. So we can use this for other purpose. For example, you
can use this command in Emacs to open network connection with remote
host over the firewall via SOCKS or HTTP proxy without SOCKSifying
Emacs itself.
There is sample code:
http://bitbucket.org/gotoh/connect/src/tip/relay.el
With this code, you can use `relay-open-network-stream` function instead
of `open-network-stream` to make network connection. See top comments of
the source for more detail.
Remote resolver
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you are SOCKS4 user on UNIX environment, you might want specify
nameserver to resolve remote hostname. You can do it specifying `-R`
option followed by IP address of resolver.
Hopping Connection via SSH
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Conbination of ssh and connect command have more interesting
usage. Following command makes indirect connection to host2:port from
your current host via host1.
----
$ ssh host1 connect host2 port
----
This method is useful for the situations like:
* You are outside of organizasion now, but you want to access an
internal host barriered by firewall.
* You want to use some service which is allowed only from some limited hosts.
For example, I want to use local NetNews service in my office from
home. I cannot make NNTP session directly because NNTP host is
barriered by firewall. Fortunately, I have ssh account on internal
host and allowed using SOCKS5 on firewall from outside. So I use
following command to connect to NNTP service.
----
$ ssh host1 connect news 119
200 news.my-office.com InterNetNews NNRP server INN 2.3.2 ready (posting ok).
quit
205 .
$
----
By combinating hopping connection and relay.el, I can read NetNews
using http://www.gohome.org/wl/[Wanderlust] on Emacs at home.
----
|
External (internet) | Internal (office)
|
+------+ +----------+ +-------+ +-----------+
| HOME | | firewall | | host1 | | NNTP host |
+------+ +----------+ +-------+ +-----------+
emacs <-------------- ssh ---------------> sshd <-- connect --> nntpd
<-- connect --> socksd <-- SOCKS -->
----
As an advanced example, you can use SSH hopping as fetchmail's plug-in
program to access via secure tunnel. This method requires that connect
program is insatalled on remote host. There's example of .fetchmailrc
bellow. When fetchmail access to mail-server, you will login to remote
host using SSH then execute connect program on remote host to relay
conversation with pop server. Thus fetchmail can retrieve mails in
secure.
----
poll mail-server
protocol pop3
plugin "ssh %h connect localhost %p"
username "username"
password "password"
----
Break The More Restricted Wall
------------------------------
If firewall does not provide SOCKS nor HTTPS other than port 443, you
cannot break the wall in usual way. But if you have you own host which
is accessible from internet, you can make ssh connection to your own
host by configuring sshd as waiting at port 443 instead of standard
22. By this, you can login to your own host via port 443. Once you
have logged-in to extenal home machine, you can execute connect as
second hop to make connection from your own host to final target host,
like this:
----
internal$ cat ~/.ssh/config
Host home
ProxyCommand connect -H firewall:8080 %h 443
Host server # internal
ProxyCommand ssh home connect %h %p
internal$ ssh home
You are logged in to home!
home# exit
internal$ ssh server
You are logged in to server!
server# exit
internal$
----
This way is similar to "Hopping connection via SSH" except configuring
outer sshd as waiting at port 443 (https). This means that you have a
capability to break the strongly restricted wall if you have own host
out side of the wall.
----
|
Internal (office) | External (internet)
|
+--------+ +----------+ +------+ +--------+
| office | | firewall | | home | | server |
+--------+ +----------+ +------+ +--------+
<------------------ ssh --------------------->sshd:443
<-- connect --> http-proxy <-- https:443 --> any
connect <-- tcp --> port
----
NOTE: If you wanna use this, you should give up hosting https
service at port 443 on you external host 'home'.
F.Y.I.
------
Difference between SOCKS versions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SOCKS version 4 is first popular implementation which is documented
http://www.socks.nec.com/protocol/socks4.protocol[here]. Since this
protocol provide IP address based requesting, client program should
resolve name of outer host by itself. Version 4a (documented
http://www.socks.nec.com/protocol/socks4a.protocol[here]) is
enhanced to allow request by hostname instead of IP address.
SOCKS version 5 is re-designed protocol stands on experience of
version 4 and 4a. There is no compativility with previous
versions. Instead, there's some improvement: IPv6 support, request by
hostname, UDP proxying, etc.
Configuration to use HTTPS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Many http proxy servers implementation supports https CONNECT method
(SLL). You might add configuration to allow using https. For the
example of http://www.delegate.org/delegate/[DeleGate] (DeleGate is a
multi-purpose application level gateway, or a proxy server) , you
should add https to REMITTABLE parameter to allow HTTP-Proxy like
this:
----
delegated -Pxxxx ...... REMITTABLE='+,https' ...
----
For the case of Squid, you should allow target ports via https by ACL,
and so on.
SOCKS5 Servers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://www.socks.nec.com/refsoftware.html[NEC SOCKS Reference Implementation]::
Reference implementation of SOKCS server and library.
http://www.inet.no/dante/index.html[Dante]::
Dante is free implementation of SOKCS server and library. Many
enhancements and modulalized.
http://www.delegate.org/delegate/[DeleGate]::
DeleGate is multi function proxy service provider. DeleGate 5.x.x
or earlier can be SOCKS4 server, and 6.x.x can be SOCKS5 and
SOCKS4 server. and 7.7.0 or later can be SOCKS5 and SOCKS4a
server.
Specifications
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://www.socks.nec.com/protocol/socks4.protocol[socks4.protocol.txt]::
SOCKS: A protocol for TCP proxy across firewalls
http://www.socks.nec.com/protocol/socks4a.protocol[socks4a.protocol.txt]::
SOCKS 4A: A Simple Extension to SOCKS 4 Protocol
http://www.socks.nec.com/rfc/rfc1928.txt[RFC 1928]::
SOCKS Protocol Version 5
http://www.socks.nec.com/rfc/rfc1929.txt[RFC 1929]::
Username/Password Authentication for SOCKS V5
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616]::
Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt[RFC 2617]::
HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication
Related Links
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* http://www.openssh.org/[OpenSSH Home]
* http://www.ssh.com/[Proprietary SSH]
* http://www.taiyo.co.jp/~gotoh/ssh/openssh-socks.html[Using OpenSSH through a SOCKS compatible PROXY on your LAN] (J. Grant)
Similars
~~~~~~~~
http://proxytunnel.sourceforge.net/[Proxy Tunnel]:: Proxying command using https CONNECT.
http://www.snurgle.org/~griffon/ssh-https-tunnel[stunnel]:: Proxy through an https tunnel (Perl script)
// This document is rescured from the document
// in the internet web cache.
// Original date of this document is 2004-09-06.

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Expat is brought to you by:
Clark Cooper
Fred L. Drake, Jr.
Greg Stein
James Clark
Karl Waclawek
Rhodri James
Sebastian Pipping
Steven Solie

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= Upcoming breaking changes
The Git project aims to ensure backwards compatibility to the best extent
possible. Minor releases will not break backwards compatibility unless there is
a very strong reason to do so, like for example a security vulnerability.
Regardless of that, due to the age of the Git project, it is only natural to
accumulate a backlog of backwards-incompatible changes that will eventually be
required to keep the project aligned with a changing world. These changes fall
into several categories:
* Changes to long established defaults.
* Concepts that have been replaced with a superior design.
* Concepts, commands, configuration or options that have been lacking in major
ways and that cannot be fixed and which will thus be removed without any
replacement.
Explicitly not included in this list are fixes to minor bugs that may cause a
change in user-visible behavior.
The Git project irregularly releases breaking versions that deliberately break
backwards compatibility with older versions. This is done to ensure that Git
remains relevant, safe and maintainable going forward. The release cadence of
breaking versions is typically measured in multiple years. We had the following
major breaking releases in the past:
* Git 1.6.0, released in August 2008.
* Git 2.0, released in May 2014.
We use <major>.<minor> release numbers these days, starting from Git 2.0. For
future releases, our plan is to increment <major> in the release number when we
make the next breaking release. Before Git 2.0, the release numbers were
1.<major>.<minor> with the intention to increment <major> for "usual" breaking
releases, reserving the jump to Git 2.0 for really large backward-compatibility
breaking changes.
The intent of this document is to track upcoming deprecations for future
breaking releases. Furthermore, this document also tracks what will _not_ be
deprecated. This is done such that the outcome of discussions document both
when the discussion favors deprecation, but also when it rejects a deprecation.
Items should have a clear summary of the reasons why we do or do not want to
make the described change that can be easily understood without having to read
the mailing list discussions. If there are alternatives to the changed feature,
those alternatives should be pointed out to our users.
All items should be accompanied by references to relevant mailing list threads
where the deprecation was discussed. These references use message-IDs, which
can visited via
https://lore.kernel.org/git/$message_id/
to see the message and its surrounding discussion. Such a reference is there to
make it easier for you to find how the project reached consensus on the
described item back then.
This is a living document as the environment surrounding the project changes
over time. If circumstances change, an earlier decision to deprecate or change
something may need to be revisited from time to time. So do not take items on
this list to mean "it is settled, do not waste our time bringing it up again".
== Procedure
Discussing the desire to make breaking changes, declaring that breaking
changes are made at a certain version boundary, and recording these
decisions in this document, are necessary but not sufficient.
Because such changes are expected to be numerous, and the design and
implementation of them are expected to span over time, they have to
be deployable trivially at such a version boundary, prepared over long
time.
The breaking changes MUST be guarded with the a compile-time switch,
WITH_BREAKING_CHANGES, to help this process. When built with it,
the resulting Git binary together with its documentation would
behave as if these breaking changes slated for the next big version
boundary are already in effect. We also have a CI job to exercise
the work-in-progress version of Git with these breaking changes.
== Git 3.0
The following subsections document upcoming breaking changes for Git 3.0. There
is no planned release date for this breaking version yet.
Proposed changes and removals only include items which are "ready" to be done.
In other words, this is not supposed to be a wishlist of features that should
be changed to or replaced in case the alternative was implemented already.
=== Changes
* The default hash function for new repositories will be changed from "sha1"
to "sha256". SHA-1 has been deprecated by NIST in 2011 and is nowadays
recommended against in FIPS 140-2 and similar certifications. Furthermore,
there are practical attacks on SHA-1 that weaken its cryptographic properties:
+
** The SHAppening (2015). The first demonstration of a practical attack
against SHA-1 with 2^57 operations.
** SHAttered (2017). Generation of two valid PDF files with 2^63 operations.
** Birthday-Near-Collision (2019). This attack allows for chosen prefix
attacks with 2^68 operations.
** Shambles (2020). This attack allows for chosen prefix attacks with 2^63
operations.
+
While we have protections in place against known attacks, it is expected
that more attacks against SHA-1 will be found by future research. Paired
with the ever-growing capability of hardware, it is only a matter of time
before SHA-1 will be considered broken completely. We want to be prepared
and will thus change the default hash algorithm to "sha256" for newly
initialized repositories.
+
An important requirement for this change is that the ecosystem is ready to
support the "sha256" object format. This includes popular Git libraries,
applications and forges.
+
There is no plan to deprecate the "sha1" object format at this point in time.
+
Cf. <2f5de416-04ba-c23d-1e0b-83bb655829a7@zombino.com>,
<20170223155046.e7nxivfwqqoprsqj@LykOS.localdomain>,
<CA+EOSBncr=4a4d8n9xS4FNehyebpmX8JiUwCsXD47EQDE+DiUQ@mail.gmail.com>.
=== Removals
* Support for grafting commits has long been superseded by git-replace(1).
Grafts are inferior to replacement refs:
+
** Grafts are a local-only mechanism and cannot be shared across
repositories.
** Grafts can lead to hard-to-diagnose problems when transferring objects
between repositories.
+
The grafting mechanism has been marked as outdated since e650d0643b (docs: mark
info/grafts as outdated, 2014-03-05) and will be removed.
+
Cf. <20140304174806.GA11561@sigill.intra.peff.net>.
* The git-pack-redundant(1) command can be used to remove redundant pack files.
The subcommand is unusably slow and the reason why nobody reports it as a
performance bug is suspected to be the absence of users. We have nominated
the command for removal and have started to emit a user-visible warning in
c3b58472be (pack-redundant: gauge the usage before proposing its removal,
2020-08-25) whenever the command is executed.
+
So far there was a single complaint about somebody still using the command, but
that complaint did not cause us to reverse course. On the contrary, we have
doubled down on the deprecation and starting with 4406522b76 (pack-redundant:
escalate deprecation warning to an error, 2023-03-23), the command dies unless
the user passes the `--i-still-use-this` option.
+
There have not been any subsequent complaints, so this command will finally be
removed.
+
Cf. <xmqq1rjuz6n3.fsf_-_@gitster.c.googlers.com>,
<CAKvOHKAFXQwt4D8yUCCkf_TQL79mYaJ=KAKhtpDNTvHJFuX1NA@mail.gmail.com>,
<20230323204047.GA9290@coredump.intra.peff.net>,
* Support for storing shorthands for remote URLs in "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/branches/"
and "$GIT_COMMON_DIR/remotes/" has been long superseded by storing remotes in
the repository configuration.
+
The mechanism has originally been introduced in f170e4b39d ([PATCH] fetch/pull:
short-hand notation for remote repositories., 2005-07-16) and was superseded by
6687f8fea2 ([PATCH] Use .git/remote/origin, not .git/branches/origin.,
2005-08-20), where we switched from ".git/branches/" to ".git/remotes/". That
commit already mentions an upcoming deprecation of the ".git/branches/"
directory, and starting with a1d4aa7424 (Add repository-layout document.,
2005-09-01) we have also marked this layout as deprecated. Eventually we also
started to migrate away from ".git/remotes/" in favor of config-based remotes,
and we have marked the directory as legacy in 3d3d282146 (Documentation:
Grammar correction, wording fixes and cleanup, 2011-08-23)
+
As our documentation mentions, these directories are unlikely to be used in
modern repositories and most users aren't even aware of these mechanisms. They
have been deprecated for almost 20 years and 14 years respectively, and we are
not aware of any active users that have complained about this deprecation.
Furthermore, the ".git/branches/" directory is nowadays misleadingly named and
may cause confusion as "branches" are almost exclusively used in the context of
references.
+
These features will be removed.
== Superseded features that will not be deprecated
Some features have gained newer replacements that aim to improve the design in
certain ways. The fact that there is a replacement does not automatically mean
that the old way of doing things will eventually be removed. This section tracks
those features with newer alternatives.
* The features git-checkout(1) offers are covered by the pair of commands
git-restore(1) and git-switch(1). Because the use of git-checkout(1) is still
widespread, and it is not expected that this will change anytime soon, all
three commands will stay.
+
This decision may get revisited in case we ever figure out that there are
almost no users of any of the commands anymore.
+
Cf. <xmqqttjazwwa.fsf@gitster.g>,
<xmqqleeubork.fsf@gitster.g>,
<112b6568912a6de6672bf5592c3a718e@manjaro.org>.

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Decision-Making Process in the Git Project
==========================================
Introduction
------------
This document describes the current decision-making process in the Git
project. It is a descriptive rather than prescriptive doc; that is, we want to
describe how things work in practice rather than explicitly recommending any
particular process or changes to the current process.
Here we document how the project makes decisions for discussions
(with or without patches), in scale larger than an individual patch
series (which is fully covered by the SubmittingPatches document).
Larger Discussions (with patches)
---------------------------------
As with discussions on an individual patch series, starting a larger-scale
discussion often begins by sending a patch or series to the list. This might
take the form of an initial design doc, with implementation following in later
iterations of the series (for example,
link:https://lore.kernel.org/git/0169ce6fb9ccafc089b74ae406db0d1a8ff8ac65.1688165272.git.steadmon@google.com/[adding unit tests] or
link:https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200420235310.94493-1-emilyshaffer@google.com/[config-based hooks]),
or it might include a full implementation from the beginning.
In either case, discussion progresses the same way for an individual patch series,
until consensus is reached or the topic is dropped.
Larger Discussions (without patches)
------------------------------------
Occasionally, larger discussions might occur without an associated patch series.
These may be very large-scale technical decisions that are beyond the scope of
even a single large patch series, or they may be more open-ended,
policy-oriented discussions (examples:
link:https://lore.kernel.org/git/ZZ77NQkSuiRxRDwt@nand.local/[introducing Rust]
or link:https://lore.kernel.org/git/YHofmWcIAidkvJiD@google.com/[improving submodule UX]).
In either case, discussion progresses as described above for general patch series.
For larger discussions without a patch series or other concrete implementation,
it may be hard to judge when consensus has been reached, as there are not any
official guidelines. If discussion stalls at this point, it may be helpful to
restart discussion with an RFC patch series (such as a partial, unfinished
implementation or proof of concept) that can be more easily debated.
When consensus is reached that it is a good idea, the original
proposer is expected to coordinate the effort to make it happen,
with help from others who were involved in the discussion, as
needed.
For decisions that require code changes, it is often the case that the original
proposer will follow up with a patch series, although it is also common for
other interested parties to provide an implementation (or parts of the
implementation, for very large changes).
For non-technical decisions such as community norms or processes, it is up to
the community as a whole to implement and sustain agreed-upon changes.
The project leadership committee (PLC) may help the implementation of
policy decisions.
Other Discussion Venues
-----------------------
Occasionally decision proposals are presented off-list, e.g. at the semi-regular
Contributors' Summit. While higher-bandwidth face-to-face discussion is often
useful for quickly reaching consensus among attendees, generally we expect to
summarize the discussion in notes that can later be presented on-list. For an
example, see the thread
link:https://lore.kernel.org/git/AC2EB721-2979-43FD-922D-C5076A57F24B@jramsay.com.au/[Notes
from Git Contributor Summit, Los Angeles (April 5, 2020)] by James Ramsay.
We prefer that "official" discussion happens on the list so that the full
community has opportunity to engage in discussion. This also means that the
mailing list archives contain a more-or-less complete history of project
discussions and decisions.

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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Decision-Making Process in the Git Project</h1>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the current decision-making process in the Git
project. It is a descriptive rather than prescriptive doc; that is, we want to
describe how things work in practice rather than explicitly recommending any
particular process or changes to the current process.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Here we document how the project makes decisions for discussions
(with or without patches), in scale larger than an individual patch
series (which is fully covered by the SubmittingPatches document).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_larger_discussions_with_patches">Larger Discussions (with patches)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>As with discussions on an individual patch series, starting a larger-scale
discussion often begins by sending a patch or series to the list. This might
take the form of an initial design doc, with implementation following in later
iterations of the series (for example,
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/0169ce6fb9ccafc089b74ae406db0d1a8ff8ac65.1688165272.git.steadmon@google.com/">adding unit tests</a> or
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200420235310.94493-1-emilyshaffer@google.com/">config-based hooks</a>),
or it might include a full implementation from the beginning.
In either case, discussion progresses the same way for an individual patch series,
until consensus is reached or the topic is dropped.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_larger_discussions_without_patches">Larger Discussions (without patches)</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Occasionally, larger discussions might occur without an associated patch series.
These may be very large-scale technical decisions that are beyond the scope of
even a single large patch series, or they may be more open-ended,
policy-oriented discussions (examples:
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/ZZ77NQkSuiRxRDwt@nand.local/">introducing Rust</a>
or <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/YHofmWcIAidkvJiD@google.com/">improving submodule UX</a>).
In either case, discussion progresses as described above for general patch series.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For larger discussions without a patch series or other concrete implementation,
it may be hard to judge when consensus has been reached, as there are not any
official guidelines. If discussion stalls at this point, it may be helpful to
restart discussion with an RFC patch series (such as a partial, unfinished
implementation or proof of concept) that can be more easily debated.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When consensus is reached that it is a good idea, the original
proposer is expected to coordinate the effort to make it happen,
with help from others who were involved in the discussion, as
needed.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For decisions that require code changes, it is often the case that the original
proposer will follow up with a patch series, although it is also common for
other interested parties to provide an implementation (or parts of the
implementation, for very large changes).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For non-technical decisions such as community norms or processes, it is up to
the community as a whole to implement and sustain agreed-upon changes.
The project leadership committee (PLC) may help the implementation of
policy decisions.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_other_discussion_venues">Other Discussion Venues</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Occasionally decision proposals are presented off-list, e.g. at the semi-regular
Contributors' Summit. While higher-bandwidth face-to-face discussion is often
useful for quickly reaching consensus among attendees, generally we expect to
summarize the discussion in notes that can later be presented on-list. For an
example, see the thread
<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/AC2EB721-2979-43FD-922D-C5076A57F24B@jramsay.com.au/">Notes
from Git Contributor Summit, Los Angeles (April 5, 2020)</a> by James Ramsay.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We prefer that "official" discussion happens on the list so that the full
community has opportunity to engage in discussion. This also means that the
mailing list archives contain a more-or-less complete history of project
discussions and decisions.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
</div>
</div>
</body>
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= My First Object Walk
== What's an Object Walk?
The object walk is a key concept in Git - this is the process that underpins
operations like object transfer and fsck. Beginning from a given commit, the
list of objects is found by walking parent relationships between commits (commit
X based on commit W) and containment relationships between objects (tree Y is
contained within commit X, and blob Z is located within tree Y, giving our
working tree for commit X something like `y/z.txt`).
A related concept is the revision walk, which is focused on commit objects and
their parent relationships and does not delve into other object types. The
revision walk is used for operations like `git log`.
=== Related Reading
- `Documentation/user-manual.adoc` under "Hacking Git" contains some coverage of
the revision walker in its various incarnations.
- `revision.h`
- https://eagain.net/articles/git-for-computer-scientists/[Git for Computer Scientists]
gives a good overview of the types of objects in Git and what your object
walk is really describing.
== Setting Up
Create a new branch from `master`.
----
git checkout -b revwalk origin/master
----
We'll put our fiddling into a new command. For fun, let's name it `git walken`.
Open up a new file `builtin/walken.c` and set up the command handler:
----
/*
* "git walken"
*
* Part of the "My First Object Walk" tutorial.
*/
#include "builtin.h"
#include "trace.h"
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
trace_printf(_("cmd_walken incoming...\n"));
return 0;
}
----
NOTE: `trace_printf()`, defined in `trace.h`, differs from `printf()` in
that it can be turned on or off at runtime. For the purposes of this
tutorial, we will write `walken` as though it is intended for use as
a "plumbing" command: that is, a command which is used primarily in
scripts, rather than interactively by humans (a "porcelain" command).
So we will send our debug output to `trace_printf()` instead.
When running, enable trace output by setting the environment variable `GIT_TRACE`.
Add usage text and `-h` handling, like all subcommands should consistently do
(our test suite will notice and complain if you fail to do so).
We'll need to include the `parse-options.h` header.
----
#include "parse-options.h"
...
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
const char * const walken_usage[] = {
N_("git walken"),
NULL,
};
struct option options[] = {
OPT_END()
};
argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, walken_usage, 0);
...
}
----
Also add the relevant line in `builtin.h` near `cmd_whatchanged()`:
----
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
----
Include the command in `git.c` in `commands[]` near the entry for `whatchanged`,
maintaining alphabetical ordering:
----
{ "walken", cmd_walken, RUN_SETUP },
----
Add it to the `Makefile` near the line for `builtin/worktree.o`:
----
BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/walken.o
----
Build and test out your command, without forgetting to ensure the `DEVELOPER`
flag is set, and with `GIT_TRACE` enabled so the debug output can be seen:
----
$ echo DEVELOPER=1 >>config.mak
$ make
$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers/git walken
----
NOTE: For a more exhaustive overview of the new command process, take a look at
`Documentation/MyFirstContribution.adoc`.
NOTE: A reference implementation can be found at
https://github.com/nasamuffin/git/tree/revwalk.
=== `struct rev_cmdline_info`
The definition of `struct rev_cmdline_info` can be found in `revision.h`.
This struct is contained within the `rev_info` struct and is used to reflect
parameters provided by the user over the CLI.
`nr` represents the number of `rev_cmdline_entry` present in the array.
`alloc` is used by the `ALLOC_GROW` macro. Check `alloc.h` - this variable is
used to track the allocated size of the list.
Per entry, we find:
`item` is the object provided upon which to base the object walk. Items in Git
can be blobs, trees, commits, or tags. (See `Documentation/gittutorial-2.adoc`.)
`name` is the object ID (OID) of the object - a hex string you may be familiar
with from using Git to organize your source in the past. Check the tutorial
mentioned above towards the top for a discussion of where the OID can come
from.
`whence` indicates some information about what to do with the parents of the
specified object. We'll explore this flag more later on; take a look at
`Documentation/revisions.adoc` to get an idea of what could set the `whence`
value.
`flags` are used to hint the beginning of the revision walk and are the first
block under the `#include`s in `revision.h`. The most likely ones to be set in
the `rev_cmdline_info` are `UNINTERESTING` and `BOTTOM`, but these same flags
can be used during the walk, as well.
=== `struct rev_info`
This one is quite a bit longer, and many fields are only used during the walk
by `revision.c` - not configuration options. Most of the configurable flags in
`struct rev_info` have a mirror in `Documentation/rev-list-options.adoc`. It's a
good idea to take some time and read through that document.
== Basic Commit Walk
First, let's see if we can replicate the output of `git log --oneline`. We'll
refer back to the implementation frequently to discover norms when performing
an object walk of our own.
To do so, we'll first find all the commits, in order, which preceded the current
commit. We'll extract the name and subject of the commit from each.
Ideally, we will also be able to find out which ones are currently at the tip of
various branches.
=== Setting Up
Preparing for your object walk has some distinct stages.
1. Perform default setup for this mode, and others which may be invoked.
2. Check configuration files for relevant settings.
3. Set up the `rev_info` struct.
4. Tweak the initialized `rev_info` to suit the current walk.
5. Prepare the `rev_info` for the walk.
6. Iterate over the objects, processing each one.
==== Default Setups
Before examining configuration files which may modify command behavior, set up
default state for switches or options your command may have. If your command
utilizes other Git components, ask them to set up their default states as well.
For instance, `git log` takes advantage of `grep` and `diff` functionality, so
its `init_log_defaults()` sets its own state (`decoration_style`) and asks
`grep` and `diff` to initialize themselves by calling each of their
initialization functions.
==== Configuring From `.gitconfig`
Next, we should have a look at any relevant configuration settings (i.e.,
settings readable and settable from `git config`). This is done by providing a
callback to `git_config()`; within that callback, you can also invoke methods
from other components you may need that need to intercept these options. Your
callback will be invoked once per each configuration value which Git knows about
(global, local, worktree, etc.).
Similarly to the default values, we don't have anything to do here yet
ourselves; however, we should call `git_default_config()` if we aren't calling
any other existing config callbacks.
Add a new function to `builtin/walken.c`.
We'll also need to include the `config.h` header:
----
#include "config.h"
...
static int git_walken_config(const char *var, const char *value,
const struct config_context *ctx, void *cb)
{
/*
* For now, we don't have any custom configuration, so fall back to
* the default config.
*/
return git_default_config(var, value, ctx, cb);
}
----
Make sure to invoke `git_config()` with it in your `cmd_walken()`:
----
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
...
git_config(git_walken_config, NULL);
...
}
----
==== Setting Up `rev_info`
Now that we've gathered external configuration and options, it's time to
initialize the `rev_info` object which we will use to perform the walk. This is
typically done by calling `repo_init_revisions()` with the repository you intend
to target, as well as the `prefix` argument of `cmd_walken` and your `rev_info`
struct.
Add the `struct rev_info` and the `repo_init_revisions()` call.
We'll also need to include the `revision.h` header:
----
#include "revision.h"
...
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
/* This can go wherever you like in your declarations.*/
struct rev_info rev;
...
/* This should go after the git_config() call. */
repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &rev, prefix);
...
}
----
==== Tweaking `rev_info` For the Walk
We're getting close, but we're still not quite ready to go. Now that `rev` is
initialized, we can modify it to fit our needs. This is usually done within a
helper for clarity, so let's add one:
----
static void final_rev_info_setup(struct rev_info *rev)
{
/*
* We want to mimic the appearance of `git log --oneline`, so let's
* force oneline format.
*/
get_commit_format("oneline", rev);
/* Start our object walk at HEAD. */
add_head_to_pending(rev);
}
----
[NOTE]
====
Instead of using the shorthand `add_head_to_pending()`, you could do
something like this:
----
struct setup_revision_opt opt;
memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
opt.def = "HEAD";
opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, &opt);
----
Using a `setup_revision_opt` gives you finer control over your walk's starting
point.
====
Then let's invoke `final_rev_info_setup()` after the call to
`repo_init_revisions()`:
----
int cmd_walken(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
...
final_rev_info_setup(&rev);
...
}
----
Later, we may wish to add more arguments to `final_rev_info_setup()`. But for
now, this is all we need.
==== Preparing `rev_info` For the Walk
Now that `rev` is all initialized and configured, we've got one more setup step
before we get rolling. We can do this in a helper, which will both prepare the
`rev_info` for the walk, and perform the walk itself. Let's start the helper
with the call to `prepare_revision_walk()`, which can return an error without
dying on its own:
----
static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
{
if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
}
----
NOTE: `die()` prints to `stderr` and exits the program. Since it will print to
`stderr` it's likely to be seen by a human, so we will localize it.
==== Performing the Walk!
Finally! We are ready to begin the walk itself. Now we can see that `rev_info`
can also be used as an iterator; we move to the next item in the walk by using
`get_revision()` repeatedly. Add the listed variable declarations at the top and
the walk loop below the `prepare_revision_walk()` call within your
`walken_commit_walk()`:
----
#include "pretty.h"
...
static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
{
struct commit *commit;
struct strbuf prettybuf = STRBUF_INIT;
...
while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
strbuf_reset(&prettybuf);
pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &prettybuf);
puts(prettybuf.buf);
}
strbuf_release(&prettybuf);
}
----
NOTE: `puts()` prints a `char*` to `stdout`. Since this is the part of the
command we expect to be machine-parsed, we're sending it directly to stdout.
Give it a shot.
----
$ make
$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken
----
You should see all of the subject lines of all the commits in
your tree's history, in order, ending with the initial commit, "Initial revision
of "git", the information manager from hell". Congratulations! You've written
your first revision walk. You can play with printing some additional fields
from each commit if you're curious; have a look at the functions available in
`commit.h`.
=== Adding a Filter
Next, let's try to filter the commits we see based on their author. This is
equivalent to running `git log --author=<pattern>`. We can add a filter by
modifying `rev_info.grep_filter`, which is a `struct grep_opt`.
First some setup. Add `grep_config()` to `git_walken_config()`:
----
static int git_walken_config(const char *var, const char *value,
const struct config_context *ctx, void *cb)
{
grep_config(var, value, ctx, cb);
return git_default_config(var, value, ctx, cb);
}
----
Next, we can modify the `grep_filter`. This is done with convenience functions
found in `grep.h`. For fun, we're filtering to only commits from folks using a
`gmail.com` email address - a not-very-precise guess at who may be working on
Git as a hobby. Since we're checking the author, which is a specific line in the
header, we'll use the `append_header_grep_pattern()` helper. We can use
the `enum grep_header_field` to indicate which part of the commit header we want
to search.
In `final_rev_info_setup()`, add your filter line:
----
static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
{
...
append_header_grep_pattern(&rev->grep_filter, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR,
"gmail");
compile_grep_patterns(&rev->grep_filter);
...
}
----
`append_header_grep_pattern()` adds your new "gmail" pattern to `rev_info`, but
it won't work unless we compile it with `compile_grep_patterns()`.
NOTE: If you are using `setup_revisions()` (for example, if you are passing a
`setup_revision_opt` instead of using `add_head_to_pending()`), you don't need
to call `compile_grep_patterns()` because `setup_revisions()` calls it for you.
NOTE: We could add the same filter via the `append_grep_pattern()` helper if we
wanted to, but `append_header_grep_pattern()` adds the `enum grep_context` and
`enum grep_pat_token` for us.
=== Changing the Order
There are a few ways that we can change the order of the commits during a
revision walk. Firstly, we can use the `enum rev_sort_order` to choose from some
typical orderings.
`topo_order` is the same as `git log --topo-order`: we avoid showing a parent
before all of its children have been shown, and we avoid mixing commits which
are in different lines of history. (`git help log`'s section on `--topo-order`
has a very nice diagram to illustrate this.)
Let's see what happens when we run with `REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE` as opposed to
`REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE`. Add the following:
----
static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
{
...
rev->topo_order = 1;
rev->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
...
}
----
Let's output this into a file so we can easily diff it with the walk sorted by
author date.
----
$ make
$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken > commit-date.txt
----
Then, let's sort by author date and run it again.
----
static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv,
const char *prefix, struct rev_info *rev)
{
...
rev->topo_order = 1;
rev->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
...
}
----
----
$ make
$ ./bin-wrappers/git walken > author-date.txt
----
Finally, compare the two. This is a little less helpful without object names or
dates, but hopefully we get the idea.
----
$ diff -u commit-date.txt author-date.txt
----
This display indicates that commits can be reordered after they're written, for
example with `git rebase`.
Let's try one more reordering of commits. `rev_info` exposes a `reverse` flag.
Set that flag somewhere inside of `final_rev_info_setup()`:
----
static void final_rev_info_setup(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
struct rev_info *rev)
{
...
rev->reverse = 1;
...
}
----
Run your walk again and note the difference in order. (If you remove the grep
pattern, you should see the last commit this call gives you as your current
HEAD.)
== Basic Object Walk
So far we've been walking only commits. But Git has more types of objects than
that! Let's see if we can walk _all_ objects, and find out some information
about each one.
We can base our work on an example. `git pack-objects` prepares all kinds of
objects for packing into a bitmap or packfile. The work we are interested in
resides in `builtin/pack-objects.c:get_object_list()`; examination of that
function shows that the all-object walk is being performed by
`traverse_commit_list()` or `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`. Those two
functions reside in `list-objects.c`; examining the source shows that, despite
the name, these functions traverse all kinds of objects. Let's have a look at
the arguments to `traverse_commit_list()`.
- `struct rev_info *revs`: This is the `rev_info` used for the walk. If
its `filter` member is not `NULL`, then `filter` contains information for
how to filter the object list.
- `show_commit_fn show_commit`: A callback which will be used to handle each
individual commit object.
- `show_object_fn show_object`: A callback which will be used to handle each
non-commit object (so each blob, tree, or tag).
- `void *show_data`: A context buffer which is passed in turn to `show_commit`
and `show_object`.
In addition, `traverse_commit_list_filtered()` has an additional parameter:
- `struct oidset *omitted`: A linked-list of object IDs which the provided
filter caused to be omitted.
It looks like these methods use callbacks we provide instead of needing us
to call it repeatedly ourselves. Cool! Let's add the callbacks first.
For the sake of this tutorial, we'll simply keep track of how many of each kind
of object we find. At file scope in `builtin/walken.c` add the following
tracking variables:
----
static int commit_count;
static int tag_count;
static int blob_count;
static int tree_count;
----
Commits are handled by a different callback than other objects; let's do that
one first:
----
static void walken_show_commit(struct commit *cmt, void *buf)
{
commit_count++;
}
----
The `cmt` argument is fairly self-explanatory. But it's worth mentioning that
the `buf` argument is actually the context buffer that we can provide to the
traversal calls - `show_data`, which we mentioned a moment ago.
Since we have the `struct commit` object, we can look at all the same parts that
we looked at in our earlier commit-only walk. For the sake of this tutorial,
though, we'll just increment the commit counter and move on.
The callback for non-commits is a little different, as we'll need to check
which kind of object we're dealing with:
----
static void walken_show_object(struct object *obj, const char *str, void *buf)
{
switch (obj->type) {
case OBJ_TREE:
tree_count++;
break;
case OBJ_BLOB:
blob_count++;
break;
case OBJ_TAG:
tag_count++;
break;
case OBJ_COMMIT:
BUG("unexpected commit object in walken_show_object\n");
default:
BUG("unexpected object type %s in walken_show_object\n",
type_name(obj->type));
}
}
----
Again, `obj` is fairly self-explanatory, and we can guess that `buf` is the same
context pointer that `walken_show_commit()` receives: the `show_data` argument
to `traverse_commit_list()` and `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`. Finally,
`str` contains the name of the object, which ends up being something like
`foo.txt` (blob), `bar/baz` (tree), or `v1.2.3` (tag).
To help assure us that we aren't double-counting commits, we'll include some
complaining if a commit object is routed through our non-commit callback; we'll
also complain if we see an invalid object type. Since those two cases should be
unreachable, and would only change in the event of a semantic change to the Git
codebase, we complain by using `BUG()` - which is a signal to a developer that
the change they made caused unintended consequences, and the rest of the
codebase needs to be updated to understand that change. `BUG()` is not intended
to be seen by the public, so it is not localized.
Our main object walk implementation is substantially different from our commit
walk implementation, so let's make a new function to perform the object walk. We
can perform setup which is applicable to all objects here, too, to keep separate
from setup which is applicable to commit-only walks.
We'll start by enabling all types of objects in the `struct rev_info`. We'll
also turn on `tree_blobs_in_commit_order`, which means that we will walk a
commit's tree and everything it points to immediately after we find each commit,
as opposed to waiting for the end and walking through all trees after the commit
history has been discovered. With the appropriate settings configured, we are
ready to call `prepare_revision_walk()`.
----
static void walken_object_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
{
rev->tree_objects = 1;
rev->blob_objects = 1;
rev->tag_objects = 1;
rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order = 1;
if (prepare_revision_walk(rev))
die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
commit_count = 0;
tag_count = 0;
blob_count = 0;
tree_count = 0;
----
Let's start by calling just the unfiltered walk and reporting our counts.
Complete your implementation of `walken_object_walk()`.
We'll also need to include the `list-objects.h` header.
----
#include "list-objects.h"
...
traverse_commit_list(rev, walken_show_commit, walken_show_object, NULL);
printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees %d\n", commit_count,
blob_count, tag_count, tree_count);
}
----
NOTE: This output is intended to be machine-parsed. Therefore, we are not
sending it to `trace_printf()`, and we are not localizing it - we need scripts
to be able to count on the formatting to be exactly the way it is shown here.
If we were intending this output to be read by humans, we would need to localize
it with `_()`.
Finally, we'll ask `cmd_walken()` to use the object walk instead. Discussing
command line options is out of scope for this tutorial, so we'll just hardcode
a branch we can change at compile time. Where you call `final_rev_info_setup()`
and `walken_commit_walk()`, instead branch like so:
----
if (1) {
add_head_to_pending(&rev);
walken_object_walk(&rev);
} else {
final_rev_info_setup(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
walken_commit_walk(&rev);
}
----
NOTE: For simplicity, we've avoided all the filters and sorts we applied in
`final_rev_info_setup()` and simply added `HEAD` to our pending queue. If you
want, you can certainly use the filters we added before by moving
`final_rev_info_setup()` out of the conditional and removing the call to
`add_head_to_pending()`.
Now we can try to run our command! It should take noticeably longer than the
commit walk, but an examination of the output will give you an idea why. Your
output should look similar to this example, but with different counts:
----
Object walk completed. Found 55733 commits, 100274 blobs, 0 tags, and 104210 trees.
----
This makes sense. We have more trees than commits because the Git project has
lots of subdirectories which can change, plus at least one tree per commit. We
have no tags because we started on a commit (`HEAD`) and while tags can point to
commits, commits can't point to tags.
NOTE: You will have different counts when you run this yourself! The number of
objects grows along with the Git project.
=== Adding a Filter
There are a handful of filters that we can apply to the object walk laid out in
`Documentation/rev-list-options.adoc`. These filters are typically useful for
operations such as creating packfiles or performing a partial clone. They are
defined in `list-objects-filter-options.h`. For the purposes of this tutorial we
will use the "tree:1" filter, which causes the walk to omit all trees and blobs
which are not directly referenced by commits reachable from the commit in
`pending` when the walk begins. (`pending` is the list of objects which need to
be traversed during a walk; you can imagine a breadth-first tree traversal to
help understand. In our case, that means we omit trees and blobs not directly
referenced by `HEAD` or `HEAD`'s history, because we begin the walk with only
`HEAD` in the `pending` list.)
For now, we are not going to track the omitted objects, so we'll replace those
parameters with `NULL`. For the sake of simplicity, we'll add a simple
build-time branch to use our filter or not. Preface the line calling
`traverse_commit_list()` with the following, which will remind us which kind of
walk we've just performed:
----
if (0) {
/* Unfiltered: */
trace_printf(_("Unfiltered object walk.\n"));
} else {
trace_printf(
_("Filtered object walk with filterspec 'tree:1'.\n"));
parse_list_objects_filter(&rev->filter, "tree:1");
}
traverse_commit_list(rev, walken_show_commit,
walken_show_object, NULL);
----
The `rev->filter` member is usually built directly from a command
line argument, so the module provides an easy way to build one from a string.
Even though we aren't taking user input right now, we can still build one with
a hardcoded string using `parse_list_objects_filter()`.
With the filter spec "tree:1", we are expecting to see _only_ the root tree for
each commit; therefore, the tree object count should be less than or equal to
the number of commits. (For an example of why that's true: `git commit --revert`
points to the same tree object as its grandparent.)
=== Counting Omitted Objects
We also have the capability to enumerate all objects which were omitted by a
filter, like with `git log --filter=<spec> --filter-print-omitted`. To do this,
change `traverse_commit_list()` to `traverse_commit_list_filtered()`, which is
able to populate an `omitted` list. Asking for this list of filtered objects
may cause performance degradations, however, because in this case, despite
filtering objects, the possibly much larger set of all reachable objects must
be processed in order to populate that list.
First, add the `struct oidset` and related items we will use to iterate it:
----
#include "oidset.h"
...
static void walken_object_walk(
...
struct oidset omitted;
struct oidset_iter oit;
struct object_id *oid = NULL;
int omitted_count = 0;
oidset_init(&omitted, 0);
...
----
Replace the call to `traverse_commit_list()` with
`traverse_commit_list_filtered()` and pass a pointer to the `omitted` oidset
defined and initialized above:
----
...
traverse_commit_list_filtered(rev,
walken_show_commit, walken_show_object, NULL, &omitted);
...
----
Then, after your traversal, the `oidset` traversal is pretty straightforward.
Count all the objects within and modify the print statement:
----
/* Count the omitted objects. */
oidset_iter_init(&omitted, &oit);
while ((oid = oidset_iter_next(&oit)))
omitted_count++;
printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees %d\nomitted %d\n",
commit_count, blob_count, tag_count, tree_count, omitted_count);
----
By running your walk with and without the filter, you should find that the total
object count in each case is identical. You can also time each invocation of
the `walken` subcommand, with and without `omitted` being passed in, to confirm
to yourself the runtime impact of tracking all omitted objects.
=== Changing the Order
Finally, let's demonstrate that you can also reorder walks of all objects, not
just walks of commits. First, we'll make our handlers chattier - modify
`walken_show_commit()` and `walken_show_object()` to print the object as they
go:
----
#include "hex.h"
...
static void walken_show_commit(struct commit *cmt, void *buf)
{
trace_printf("commit: %s\n", oid_to_hex(&cmt->object.oid));
commit_count++;
}
static void walken_show_object(struct object *obj, const char *str, void *buf)
{
trace_printf("%s: %s\n", type_name(obj->type), oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
...
}
----
NOTE: Since we will be examining this output directly as humans, we'll use
`trace_printf()` here. Additionally, since this change introduces a significant
number of printed lines, using `trace_printf()` will allow us to easily silence
those lines without having to recompile.
(Leave the counter increment logic in place.)
With only that change, run again (but save yourself some scrollback):
----
$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers/git walken 2>&1 | head -n 10
----
Take a look at the top commit with `git show` and the object ID you printed; it
should be the same as the output of `git show HEAD`.
Next, let's change a setting on our `struct rev_info` within
`walken_object_walk()`. Find where you're changing the other settings on `rev`,
such as `rev->tree_objects` and `rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order`, and add the
`reverse` setting at the bottom:
----
...
rev->tree_objects = 1;
rev->blob_objects = 1;
rev->tag_objects = 1;
rev->tree_blobs_in_commit_order = 1;
rev->reverse = 1;
...
----
Now, run again, but this time, let's grab the last handful of objects instead
of the first handful:
----
$ make
$ GIT_TRACE=1 ./bin-wrappers/git walken 2>&1 | tail -n 10
----
The last commit object given should have the same OID as the one we saw at the
top before, and running `git show <oid>` with that OID should give you again
the same results as `git show HEAD`. Furthermore, if you run and examine the
first ten lines again (with `head` instead of `tail` like we did before applying
the `reverse` setting), you should see that now the first commit printed is the
initial commit, `e83c5163`.
== Wrapping Up
Let's review. In this tutorial, we:
- Built a commit walk from the ground up
- Enabled a grep filter for that commit walk
- Changed the sort order of that filtered commit walk
- Built an object walk (tags, commits, trees, and blobs) from the ground up
- Learned how to add a filter-spec to an object walk
- Changed the display order of the filtered object walk

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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
GIT v1.5.0.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0
------------------
* Documentation updates
- Clarifications and corrections to 1.5.0 release notes.
- The main documentation did not link to git-remote documentation.
- Clarified introductory text of git-rebase documentation.
- Converted remaining mentions of update-index on Porcelain
documents to git-add/git-rm.
- Some i18n.* configuration variables were incorrectly
described as core.*; fixed.
* Bugfixes
- git-add and git-update-index on a filesystem on which
executable bits are unreliable incorrectly reused st_mode
bits even when the path changed between symlink and regular
file.
- git-daemon marks the listening sockets with FD_CLOEXEC so
that it won't be leaked into the children.
- segfault from git-blame when the mandatory pathname
parameter was missing was fixed; usage() message is given
instead.
- git-rev-list did not read $GIT_DIR/config file, which means
that did not honor i18n.logoutputencoding correctly.
* Tweaks
- sliding mmap() inefficiently mmaped the same region of a
packfile with an access pattern that used objects in the
reverse order. This has been made more efficient.

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GIT v1.5.0.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.1
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- Automated merge conflict handling when changes to symbolic
links conflicted were completely broken. The merge-resolve
strategy created a regular file with conflict markers in it
in place of the symbolic link. The default strategy,
merge-recursive was even more broken. It removed the path
that was pointed at by the symbolic link. Both of these
problems have been fixed.
- 'git diff maint master next' did not correctly give combined
diff across three trees.
- 'git fast-import' portability fix for Solaris.
- 'git show-ref --verify' without arguments did not error out
but segfaulted.
- 'git diff :tracked-file `pwd`/an-untracked-file' gave an extra
slashes after a/ and b/.
- 'git format-patch' produced too long filenames if the commit
message had too long line at the beginning.
- Running 'make all' and then without changing anything
running 'make install' still rebuilt some files. This
was inconvenient when building as yourself and then
installing as root (especially problematic when the source
directory is on NFS and root is mapped to nobody).
- 'git-rerere' failed to deal with two unconflicted paths that
sorted next to each other.
- 'git-rerere' attempted to open(2) a symlink and failed if
there was a conflict. Since a conflicting change to a
symlink would not benefit from rerere anyway, the command
now ignores conflicting changes to symlinks.
- 'git-repack' did not like to pass more than 64 arguments
internally to underlying 'rev-list' logic, which made it
impossible to repack after accumulating many (small) packs
in the repository.
- 'git-diff' to review the combined diff during a conflicted
merge were not reading the working tree version correctly
when changes to a symbolic link conflicted. It should have
read the data using readlink(2) but read from the regular
file the symbolic link pointed at.
- 'git-remote' did not like period in a remote's name.
* Documentation updates
- added and clarified core.bare, core.legacyheaders configurations.
- updated "git-clone --depth" documentation.
* Assorted git-gui fixes.

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GIT v1.5.0.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.2
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- 'git.el' honors the commit coding system from the configuration.
- 'blameview' in contrib/ correctly digs deeper when a line is
clicked.
- 'http-push' correctly makes sure the remote side has leading
path. Earlier it started in the middle of the path, and
incorrectly.
- 'git-merge' did not exit with non-zero status when the
working tree was dirty and cannot fast forward. It does
now.
- 'cvsexportcommit' does not lose yet-to-be-used message file.
- int-vs-size_t typefix when running combined diff on files
over 2GB long.
- 'git apply --whitespace=strip' should not touch unmodified
lines.
- 'git-mailinfo' choke when a logical header line was too long.
- 'git show A..B' did not error out. Negative ref ("not A" in
this example) does not make sense for the purpose of the
command, so now it errors out.
- 'git fmt-merge-msg --file' without file parameter did not
correctly error out.
- 'git archimport' barfed upon encountering a commit without
summary.
- 'git index-pack' did not protect itself from getting a short
read out of pread(2).
- 'git http-push' had a few buffer overruns.
- Build dependency fixes to rebuild fetch.o when other headers
change.
* Documentation updates
- user-manual updates.
- Options to 'git remote add' were described insufficiently.
- Configuration format.suffix was not documented.
- Other formatting and spelling fixes.

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GIT v1.5.0.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.3
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
- git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
just about the files in the current directory, when run from
a subdirectory.
- "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
eval; fixed.
- git-gui updates.
* Documentation updates
* User manual updates

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GIT v1.5.0.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.3
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git-merge (hence git-pull) did not refuse fast-forwarding
when the working tree had local changes that would have
conflicted with it.
- git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
- git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
just about the files in the current directory, when run from
a subdirectory.
- "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
eval; fixed.
- git-gui updates.
* Documentation updates
* User manual updates

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GIT v1.5.0.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.5
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- a handful small fixes to gitweb.
- build procedure for user-manual is fixed not to require locally
installed stylesheets.
- "git commit $paths" on paths whose earlier contents were
already updated in the index were failing out.
* Documentation
- user-manual has better cross references.
- gitweb installation/deployment procedure is now documented.

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GIT v1.5.0.7 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.0.6
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git-upload-pack failed to close unused pipe ends, resulting
in many zombies to hang around.
- git-rerere was recording the contents of earlier hunks
duplicated in later hunks. This prevented resolving the same
conflict when performing the same merge the other way around.
* Documentation
- a few documentation fixes from Debian package maintainer.

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GIT v1.5.0 Release Notes
========================
Old news
--------
This section is for people who are upgrading from ancient
versions of git. Although all of the changes in this section
happened before the current v1.4.4 release, they are summarized
here in the v1.5.0 release notes for people who skipped earlier
versions.
As of git v1.5.0 there are some optional features that changes
the repository to allow data to be stored and transferred more
efficiently. These features are not enabled by default, as they
will make the repository unusable with older versions of git.
Specifically, the available options are:
- There is a configuration variable core.legacyheaders that
changes the format of loose objects so that they are more
efficient to pack and to send out of the repository over git
native protocol, since v1.4.2. However, loose objects
written in the new format cannot be read by git older than
that version; people fetching from your repository using
older clients over dumb transports (e.g. http) using older
versions of git will also be affected.
To let git use the new loose object format, you have to
set core.legacyheaders to false.
- Since v1.4.3, configuration repack.usedeltabaseoffset allows
packfile to be created in more space efficient format, which
cannot be read by git older than that version.
To let git use the new format for packfiles, you have to
set repack.usedeltabaseoffset to true.
The above two new features are not enabled by default and you
have to explicitly ask for them, because they make repositories
unreadable by older versions of git, and in v1.5.0 we still do
not enable them by default for the same reason. We will change
this default probably 1 year after 1.4.2's release, when it is
reasonable to expect everybody to have new enough version of
git.
- 'git pack-refs' appeared in v1.4.4; this command allows tags
to be accessed much more efficiently than the traditional
'one-file-per-tag' format. Older git-native clients can
still fetch from a repository that packed and pruned refs
(the server side needs to run the up-to-date version of git),
but older dumb transports cannot. Packing of refs is done by
an explicit user action, either by use of "git pack-refs
--prune" command or by use of "git gc" command.
- 'git -p' to paginate anything -- many commands do pagination
by default on a tty. Introduced between v1.4.1 and v1.4.2;
this may surprise old timers.
- 'git archive' superseded 'git tar-tree' in v1.4.3;
- 'git cvsserver' was new invention in v1.3.0;
- 'git repo-config', 'git grep', 'git rebase' and 'gitk' were
seriously enhanced during v1.4.0 timeperiod.
- 'gitweb' became part of git.git during v1.4.0 timeperiod and
seriously modified since then.
- reflog is an v1.4.0 invention. This allows you to name a
revision that a branch used to be at (e.g. "git diff
master@{yesterday} master" allows you to see changes since
yesterday's tip of the branch).
Updates in v1.5.0 since v1.4.4 series
-------------------------------------
* Index manipulation
- git-add is to add contents to the index (aka "staging area"
for the next commit), whether the file the contents happen to
be is an existing one or a newly created one.
- git-add without any argument does not add everything
anymore. Use 'git-add .' instead. Also you can add
otherwise ignored files with an -f option.
- git-add tries to be more friendly to users by offering an
interactive mode ("git-add -i").
- git-commit <path> used to refuse to commit if <path> was
different between HEAD and the index (i.e. update-index was
used on it earlier). This check was removed.
- git-rm is much saner and safer. It is used to remove paths
from both the index file and the working tree, and makes sure
you are not losing any local modification before doing so.
- git-reset <tree> <paths>... can be used to revert index
entries for selected paths.
- git-update-index is much less visible. Many suggestions to
use the command in git output and documentation have now been
replaced by simpler commands such as "git add" or "git rm".
* Repository layout and objects transfer
- The data for origin repository is stored in the configuration
file $GIT_DIR/config, not in $GIT_DIR/remotes/, for newly
created clones. The latter is still supported and there is
no need to convert your existing repository if you are
already comfortable with your workflow with the layout.
- git-clone always uses what is known as "separate remote"
layout for a newly created repository with a working tree.
A repository with the separate remote layout starts with only
one default branch, 'master', to be used for your own
development. Unlike the traditional layout that copied all
the upstream branches into your branch namespace (while
renaming their 'master' to your 'origin'), the new layout
puts upstream branches into local "remote-tracking branches"
with their own namespace. These can be referenced with names
such as "origin/$upstream_branch_name" and are stored in
.git/refs/remotes rather than .git/refs/heads where normal
branches are stored.
This layout keeps your own branch namespace less cluttered,
avoids name collision with your upstream, makes it possible
to automatically track new branches created at the remote
after you clone from it, and makes it easier to interact with
more than one remote repository (you can use "git remote" to
add other repositories to track). There might be some
surprises:
* 'git branch' does not show the remote tracking branches.
It only lists your own branches. Use '-r' option to view
the tracking branches.
* If you are forking off of a branch obtained from the
upstream, you would have done something like 'git branch
my-next next', because traditional layout dropped the
tracking branch 'next' into your own branch namespace.
With the separate remote layout, you say 'git branch next
origin/next', which allows you to use the matching name
'next' for your own branch. It also allows you to track a
remote other than 'origin' (i.e. where you initially cloned
from) and fork off of a branch from there the same way
(e.g. "git branch mingw j6t/master").
Repositories initialized with the traditional layout continue
to work.
- New branches that appear on the origin side after a clone is
made are also tracked automatically. This is done with an
wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*", which
older git does not understand, so if you clone with 1.5.0,
you would need to downgrade remote.*.fetch in the
configuration file to specify each branch you are interested
in individually if you plan to fetch into the repository with
older versions of git (but why would you?).
- Similarly, wildcard refspec "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/me/*"
can be given to "git-push" command to update the tracking
branches that is used to track the repository you are pushing
from on the remote side.
- git-branch and git-show-branch know remote tracking branches
(use the command line switch "-r" to list only tracked branches).
- git-push can now be used to delete a remote branch or a tag.
This requires the updated git on the remote side (use "git
push <remote> :refs/heads/<branch>" to delete "branch").
- git-push more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
packed. Earlier we recommended to monitor amount of loose
objects and repack regularly, but you should repack when you
accumulated too many small packs this way as well. Updated
git-count-objects helps you with this.
- git-fetch also more aggressively keeps the transferred objects
packed. This behavior of git-push and git-fetch can be
tweaked with a single configuration transfer.unpacklimit (but
usually there should not be any need for a user to tweak it).
- A new command, git-remote, can help you manage your remote
tracking branch definitions.
- You may need to specify explicit paths for upload-pack and/or
receive-pack due to your ssh daemon configuration on the
other end. This can now be done via remote.*.uploadpack and
remote.*.receivepack configuration.
* Bare repositories
- Certain commands change their behavior in a bare repository
(i.e. a repository without associated working tree). We use
a fairly conservative heuristic (if $GIT_DIR is ".git", or
ends with "/.git", the repository is not bare) to decide if a
repository is bare, but "core.bare" configuration variable
can be used to override the heuristic when it misidentifies
your repository.
- git-fetch used to complain updating the current branch but
this is now allowed for a bare repository. So is the use of
'git-branch -f' to update the current branch.
- Porcelain-ish commands that require a working tree refuses to
work in a bare repository.
* Reflog
- Reflog records the history from the view point of the local
repository. In other words, regardless of the real history,
the reflog shows the history as seen by one particular
repository (this enables you to ask "what was the current
revision in _this_ repository, yesterday at 1pm?"). This
facility is enabled by default for repositories with working
trees, and can be accessed with the "branch@{time}" and
"branch@{Nth}" notation.
- "git show-branch" learned showing the reflog data with the
new -g option. "git log" has -g option to view reflog
entries in a more verbose manner.
- git-branch knows how to rename branches and moves existing
reflog data from the old branch to the new one.
- In addition to the reflog support in v1.4.4 series, HEAD
reference maintains its own log. "HEAD@{5.minutes.ago}"
means the commit you were at 5 minutes ago, which takes
branch switching into account. If you want to know where the
tip of your current branch was at 5 minutes ago, you need to
explicitly say its name (e.g. "master@{5.minutes.ago}") or
omit the refname altogether i.e. "@{5.minutes.ago}".
- The commits referred to by reflog entries are now protected
against pruning. The new command "git reflog expire" can be
used to truncate older reflog entries and entries that refer
to commits that have been pruned away previously with older
versions of git.
Existing repositories that have been using reflog may get
complaints from fsck-objects and may not be able to run
git-repack, if you had run git-prune from older git; please
run "git reflog expire --stale-fix --all" first to remove
reflog entries that refer to commits that are no longer in
the repository when that happens.
* Cruft removal
- We used to say "old commits are retrievable using reflog and
'master@{yesterday}' syntax as long as you haven't run
git-prune". We no longer have to say the latter half of the
above sentence, as git-prune does not remove things reachable
from reflog entries.
- There is a toplevel garbage collector script, 'git-gc', that
runs periodic cleanup functions, including 'git-repack -a -d',
'git-reflog expire', 'git-pack-refs --prune', and 'git-rerere
gc'.
- The output from fsck ("fsck-objects" is called just "fsck"
now, but the old name continues to work) was needlessly
alarming in that it warned missing objects that are reachable
only from dangling objects. This has been corrected and the
output is much more useful.
* Detached HEAD
- You can use 'git-checkout' to check out an arbitrary revision
or a tag as well, instead of named branches. This will
dissociate your HEAD from the branch you are currently on.
A typical use of this feature is to "look around". E.g.
$ git checkout v2.6.16
... compile, test, etc.
$ git checkout v2.6.17
... compile, test, etc.
- After detaching your HEAD, you can go back to an existing
branch with usual "git checkout $branch". Also you can
start a new branch using "git checkout -b $newbranch" to
start a new branch at that commit.
- You can even pull from other repositories, make merges and
commits while your HEAD is detached. Also you can use "git
reset" to jump to arbitrary commit, while still keeping your
HEAD detached.
Remember that a detached state is volatile, i.e. it will be forgotten
as soon as you move away from it with the checkout or reset command,
unless a branch is created from it as mentioned above. It is also
possible to rescue a lost detached state from the HEAD reflog.
* Packed refs
- Repositories with hundreds of tags have been paying large
overhead, both in storage and in runtime, due to the
traditional one-ref-per-file format. A new command,
git-pack-refs, can be used to "pack" them in more efficient
representation (you can let git-gc do this for you).
- Clones and fetches over dumb transports are now aware of
packed refs and can download from repositories that use
them.
* Configuration
- configuration related to color setting are consolidated under
color.* namespace (older diff.color.*, status.color.* are
still supported).
- 'git-repo-config' command is accessible as 'git-config' now.
* Updated features
- git-describe uses better criteria to pick a base ref. It
used to pick the one with the newest timestamp, but now it
picks the one that is topologically the closest (that is,
among ancestors of commit C, the ref T that has the shortest
output from "git-rev-list T..C" is chosen).
- git-describe gives the number of commits since the base ref
between the refname and the hash suffix. E.g. the commit one
before v2.6.20-rc6 in the kernel repository is:
v2.6.20-rc5-306-ga21b069
which tells you that its object name begins with a21b069,
v2.6.20-rc5 is an ancestor of it (meaning, the commit
contains everything -rc5 has), and there are 306 commits
since v2.6.20-rc5.
- git-describe with --abbrev=0 can be used to show only the
name of the base ref.
- git-blame learned a new option, --incremental, that tells it
to output the blames as they are assigned. A sample script
to use it is also included as contrib/blameview.
- git-blame starts annotating from the working tree by default.
* Less external dependency
- We no longer require the "merge" program from the RCS suite.
All 3-way file-level merges are now done internally.
- The original implementation of git-merge-recursive which was
in Python has been removed; we have a C implementation of it
now.
- git-shortlog is no longer a Perl script. It no longer
requires output piped from git-log; it can accept revision
parameters directly on the command line.
* I18n
- We have always encouraged the commit message to be encoded in
UTF-8, but the users are allowed to use legacy encoding as
appropriate for their projects. This will continue to be the
case. However, a non UTF-8 commit encoding _must_ be
explicitly set with i18n.commitencoding in the repository
where a commit is made; otherwise git-commit-tree will
complain if the log message does not look like a valid UTF-8
string.
- The value of i18n.commitencoding in the originating
repository is recorded in the commit object on the "encoding"
header, if it is not UTF-8. git-log and friends notice this,
and re-encodes the message to the log output encoding when
displaying, if they are different. The log output encoding
is determined by "git log --encoding=<encoding>",
i18n.logoutputencoding configuration, or i18n.commitencoding
configuration, in the decreasing order of preference, and
defaults to UTF-8.
- Tools for e-mailed patch application now default to -u
behavior; i.e. it always re-codes from the e-mailed encoding
to the encoding specified with i18n.commitencoding. This
unfortunately forces projects that have happily been using a
legacy encoding without setting i18n.commitencoding to set
the configuration, but taken with other improvement, please
excuse us for this very minor one-time inconvenience.
* e-mailed patches
- See the above I18n section.
- git-format-patch now enables --binary without being asked.
git-am does _not_ default to it, as sending binary patch via
e-mail is unusual and is harder to review than textual
patches and it is prudent to require the person who is
applying the patch to explicitly ask for it.
- The default suffix for git-format-patch output is now ".patch",
not ".txt". This can be changed with --suffix=.txt option,
or setting the config variable "format.suffix" to ".txt".
* Foreign SCM interfaces
- git-svn now requires the Perl SVN:: libraries, the
command-line backend was too slow and limited.
- the 'commit' subcommand of git-svn has been renamed to
'set-tree', and 'dcommit' is the recommended replacement for
day-to-day work.
- git fast-import backend.
* User support
- Quite a lot of documentation updates.
- Bash completion scripts have been updated heavily.
- Better error messages for often used Porcelainish commands.
- Git GUI. This is a simple Tk based graphical interface for
common Git operations.
* Sliding mmap
- We used to assume that we can mmap the whole packfile while
in use, but with a large project this consumes huge virtual
memory space and truly huge ones would not fit in the
userland address space on 32-bit platforms. We now mmap huge
packfile in pieces to avoid this problem.
* Shallow clones
- There is a partial support for 'shallow' repositories that
keeps only recent history. A 'shallow clone' is created by
specifying how deep that truncated history should be
(e.g. "git clone --depth 5 git://some.where/repo.git").
Currently a shallow repository has number of limitations:
- Cloning and fetching _from_ a shallow clone are not
supported (nor tested -- so they might work by accident but
they are not expected to).
- Pushing from nor into a shallow clone are not expected to
work.
- Merging inside a shallow repository would work as long as a
merge base is found in the recent history, but otherwise it
will be like merging unrelated histories and may result in
huge conflicts.
but this would be more than adequate for people who want to
look at near the tip of a big project with a deep history and
send patches in e-mail format.

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GIT v1.5.1.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1
------------------
* Documentation updates
- The --left-right option of rev-list and friends is documented.
- The documentation for cvsimport has been majorly improved.
- "git-show-ref --exclude-existing" was documented.
* Bugfixes
- The implementation of -p option in "git cvsexportcommit" had
the meaning of -C (context reduction) option wrong, and
loosened the context requirements when it was told to be
strict.
- "git cvsserver" did not behave like the real cvsserver when
client side removed a file from the working tree without
doing anything else on the path. In such a case, it should
restore it from the checked out revision.
- "git fsck" issued an alarming error message on detached
HEAD. It is not an error since at least 1.5.0.
- "git send-email" produced of References header of unbounded length;
fixed this with line-folding.
- "git archive" to download from remote site should not
require you to be in a git repository, but it incorrectly
did.
- "git apply" ignored -p<n> for "diff --git" formatted
patches.
- "git rerere" recorded a conflict that had one side empty
(the other side adds) incorrectly; this made merging in the
other direction fail to use previously recorded resolution.
- t4200 test was broken where "wc -l" pads its output with
spaces.
- "git branch -m old new" to rename branch did not work
without a configuration file in ".git/config".
- The sample hook for notification e-mail was misnamed.
- gitweb did not show type-changing patch correctly in the
blobdiff view.
- git-svn did not error out with incorrect command line options.
- git-svn fell into an infinite loop when insanely long commit
message was found.
- git-svn dcommit and rebase was confused by patches that were
merged from another branch that is managed by git-svn.
- git-svn used to get confused when globbing remote branch/tag
spec (e.g. "branches = proj/branches/*:refs/remotes/origin/*")
is used and there was a plain file that matched the glob.

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GIT v1.5.1.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1.1
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- "git clone" over http from a repository that has lost the
loose refs by running "git pack-refs" were broken (a code to
deal with this was added to "git fetch" in v1.5.0, but it
was missing from "git clone").
- "git diff a/ b/" incorrectly fell in "diff between two
filesystem objects" codepath, when the user most likely
wanted to limit the extent of output to two tracked
directories.
- git-quiltimport had the same bug as we fixed for
git-applymbox in v1.5.1.1 -- it gave an alarming "did not
have any patch" message (but did not actually fail and was
harmless).
- various git-svn fixes.
- Sample update hook incorrectly always refused requests to
delete branches through push.
- git-blame on a very long working tree path had buffer
overrun problem.
- git-apply did not like to be fed two patches in a row that created
and then modified the same file.
- git-svn was confused when a non-project was stored directly under
trunk/, branches/ and tags/.
- git-svn wants the Error.pm module that was at least as new
as what we ship as part of git; install ours in our private
installation location if the one on the system is older.
- An earlier update to command line integer parameter parser was
botched and made 'update-index --cacheinfo' completely useless.
* Documentation updates
- Various documentation updates from J. Bruce Fields, Frank
Lichtenheld, Alex Riesen and others. Andrew Ruder started a
war on undocumented options.

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GIT v1.5.1.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1.2
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git-add tried to optimize by finding common leading
directories across its arguments but botched, causing very
confused behaviour.
- unofficial rpm.spec file shipped with git was letting
ETC_GITCONFIG set to /usr/etc/gitconfig. Tweak the official
Makefile to make it harder for distro people to make the
same mistake, by setting the variable to /etc/gitconfig if
prefix is set to /usr.
- git-svn inconsistently stripped away username from the URL
only when svnsync_props was in use.
- git-svn got confused when handling symlinks on Mac OS.
- git-send-email was not quoting recipient names that have
period '.' in them. Also it did not allow overriding
envelope sender, which made it impossible to send patches to
certain subscriber-only lists.
- built-in write_tree() routine had a sequence that renamed a
file that is still open, which some systems did not like.
- when memory is very tight, sliding mmap code to read
packfiles incorrectly closed the fd that was still being
used to read the pack.
- import-tars contributed front-end for fastimport was passing
wrong directory modes without checking.
- git-fastimport trusted its input too much and allowed to
create corrupt tree objects with entries without a name.
- git-fetch needlessly barfed when too long reflog action
description was given by the caller.
Also contains various documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.1.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1.3
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- "git-http-fetch" did not work around a bug in libcurl
earlier than 7.16 (curl_multi_remove_handle() was broken).
- "git cvsserver" handles a file that was once removed and
then added again correctly.
- import-tars script (in contrib/) handles GNU tar archives
that contain pathnames longer than 100 bytes (long-link
extension) correctly.
- xdelta test program did not build correctly.
- gitweb sometimes tried incorrectly to apply function to
decode utf8 twice, resulting in corrupt output.
- "git blame -C" mishandled text at the end of a group of
lines.
- "git log/rev-list --boundary" did not produce output
correctly without --left-right option.
- Many documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.1.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1.4
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git-send-email did not understand aliases file for mutt, which
allows leading whitespaces.
- git-format-patch emitted Content-Type and Content-Transfer-Encoding
headers for non ASCII contents, but failed to add MIME-Version.
- git-name-rev had a buffer overrun with a deep history.
- contributed script import-tars did not get the directory in
tar archives interpreted correctly.
- git-svn was reported to segfault for many people on list and
#git; hopefully this has been fixed.
- "git-svn clone" does not try to minimize the URL
(i.e. connect to higher level hierarchy) by default, as this
can prevent clone to fail if only part of the repository
(e.g. 'trunk') is open to public.
- "git checkout branch^0" did not detach the head when you are
already on 'branch'; backported the fix from the 'master'.
- "git-config section.var" did not correctly work when
existing configuration file had both [section] and [section "name"]
next to each other.
- "git clone ../other-directory" was fooled if the current
directory $PWD points at is a symbolic link.
- (build) tree_entry_extract() function was both static inline
and extern, which caused trouble compiling with Forte12
compilers on Sun.
- Many many documentation fixes and updates.

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GIT v1.5.1.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.1.4
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- git-send-email did not understand aliases file for mutt, which
allows leading whitespaces.
- git-format-patch emitted Content-Type and Content-Transfer-Encoding
headers for non ASCII contents, but failed to add MIME-Version.
- git-name-rev had a buffer overrun with a deep history.
- contributed script import-tars did not get the directory in
tar archives interpreted correctly.
- git-svn was reported to segfault for many people on list and
#git; hopefully this has been fixed.
- git-svn also had a bug to crash svnserve by sending a bad
sequence of requests.
- "git-svn clone" does not try to minimize the URL
(i.e. connect to higher level hierarchy) by default, as this
can prevent clone to fail if only part of the repository
(e.g. 'trunk') is open to public.
- "git checkout branch^0" did not detach the head when you are
already on 'branch'; backported the fix from the 'master'.
- "git-config section.var" did not correctly work when
existing configuration file had both [section] and [section "name"]
next to each other.
- "git clone ../other-directory" was fooled if the current
directory $PWD points at is a symbolic link.
- (build) tree_entry_extract() function was both static inline
and extern, which caused trouble compiling with Forte12
compilers on Sun.
- Many many documentation fixes and updates.

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GIT v1.5.1 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.5.0
--------------------
* Deprecated commands and options.
- git-diff-stages and git-resolve have been removed.
* New commands and options.
- "git log" and friends take --reverse, which instructs them
to give their output in the order opposite from their usual.
They typically output from new to old, but with this option
their output would read from old to new. "git shortlog"
usually lists older commits first, but with this option,
they are shown from new to old.
- "git log --pretty=format:<string>" to allow more flexible
custom log output.
- "git diff" learned --ignore-space-at-eol. This is a weaker
form of --ignore-space-change.
- "git diff --no-index pathA pathB" can be used as diff
replacement with git specific enhancements.
- "git diff --no-index" can read from '-' (standard input).
- "git diff" also learned --exit-code to exit with non-zero
status when it found differences. In the future we might
want to make this the default but that would be a rather big
backward incompatible change; it will stay as an option for
now.
- "git diff --quiet" is --exit-code with output turned off,
meant for scripted use to quickly determine if there is any
tree-level difference.
- Textual patch generation with "git diff" without -w/-b
option has been significantly optimized. "git blame" got
faster because of the same change.
- "git log" and "git rev-list" has been optimized
significantly when they are used with pathspecs.
- "git branch --track" can be used to set up configuration
variables to help it easier to base your work on branches
you track from a remote site.
- "git format-patch --attach" now emits attachments. Use
--inline to get an inlined multipart/mixed.
- "git name-rev" learned --refs=<pattern>, to limit the tags
used for naming the given revisions only to the ones
matching the given pattern.
- "git remote update" is to run "git fetch" for defined remotes
to update tracking branches.
- "git cvsimport" can now take '-d' to talk with a CVS
repository different from what are recorded in CVS/Root
(overriding it with environment CVSROOT does not work).
- "git bundle" can help sneaker-netting your changes between
repositories.
- "git mergetool" can help 3-way file-level conflict
resolution with your favorite graphical merge tools.
- A new configuration "core.symlinks" can be used to disable
symlinks on filesystems that do not support them; they are
checked out as regular files instead.
- You can name a commit object with its first line of the
message. The syntax to use is ':/message text'. E.g.
$ git show ":/object name: introduce ':/<oneline prefix>' notation"
means the same thing as:
$ git show 28a4d940443806412effa246ecc7768a21553ec7
- "git bisect" learned a new command "run" that takes a script
to run after each revision is checked out to determine if it
is good or bad, to automate the bisection process.
- "git log" family learned a new traversal option --first-parent,
which does what the name suggests.
* Updated behavior of existing commands.
- "git-merge-recursive" used to barf when there are more than
one common ancestors for the merge, and merging them had a
rename/rename conflict. This has been fixed.
- "git fsck" does not barf on corrupt loose objects.
- "git rm" does not remove newly added files without -f.
- "git archimport" allows remapping when coming up with git
branch names from arch names.
- git-svn got almost a rewrite.
- core.autocrlf configuration, when set to 'true', makes git
to convert CRLF at the end of lines in text files to LF when
reading from the filesystem, and convert in reverse when
writing to the filesystem. The variable can be set to
'input', in which case the conversion happens only while
reading from the filesystem but files are written out with
LF at the end of lines. Currently, which paths to consider
'text' (i.e. be subjected to the autocrlf mechanism) is
decided purely based on the contents, but the plan is to
allow users to explicitly override this heuristic based on
paths.
- The behavior of 'git-apply', when run in a subdirectory,
without --index nor --cached were inconsistent with that of
the command with these options. This was fixed to match the
behavior with --index. A patch that is meant to be applied
with -p1 from the toplevel of the project tree can be
applied with any custom -p<n> option. A patch that is not
relative to the toplevel needs to be applied with -p<n>
option with or without --index (or --cached).
- "git diff" outputs a trailing HT when pathnames have embedded
SP on +++/--- header lines, in order to help "GNU patch" to
parse its output. "git apply" was already updated to accept
this modified output format since ce74618d (Sep 22, 2006).
- "git cvsserver" runs hooks/update and honors its exit status.
- "git cvsserver" can be told to send everything with -kb.
- "git diff --check" also honors the --color output option.
- "git name-rev" used to stress the fact that a ref is a tag too
much, by saying something like "v1.2.3^0~22". It now says
"v1.2.3~22" in such a case (it still says "v1.2.3^0" if it does
not talk about an ancestor of the commit that is tagged, which
makes sense).
- "git rev-list --boundary" now shows boundary markers for the
commits omitted by --max-age and --max-count condition.
- The configuration mechanism now reads $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
- "git apply --verbose" shows what preimage lines were wanted
when it couldn't find them.
- "git status" in a read-only repository got a bit saner.
- "git fetch" (hence "git clone" and "git pull") are less
noisy when the output does not go to tty.
- "git fetch" between repositories with many refs were slow
even when there are not many changes that needed
transferring. This has been sped up by partially rewriting
the heaviest parts in C.
- "git mailinfo" which splits an e-mail into a patch and the
meta-information was rewritten, thanks to Don Zickus. It
handles nested multipart better. The command was broken for
a brief period on 'master' branch since 1.5.0 but the
breakage is fixed now.
- send-email learned configurable bcc and chain-reply-to.
- "git remote show $remote" also talks about branches that
would be pushed if you run "git push remote".
- Using objects from packs is now seriously optimized by clever
use of a cache. This should be most noticeable in git-log
family of commands that involve reading many tree objects.
In addition, traversing revisions while filtering changes
with pathspecs is made faster by terminating the comparison
between the trees as early as possible.
* Hooks
- The part to send out notification e-mails was removed from
the sample update hook, as it was not an appropriate place
to do so. The proper place to do this is the new post-receive
hook. An example hook has been added to contrib/hooks/.
* Others
- git-revert, git-gc and git-cherry-pick are now built-ins.
Fixes since v1.5.0
------------------
These are all in v1.5.0.x series.
* Documentation updates
- Clarifications and corrections to 1.5.0 release notes.
- The main documentation did not link to git-remote documentation.
- Clarified introductory text of git-rebase documentation.
- Converted remaining mentions of update-index on Porcelain
documents to git-add/git-rm.
- Some i18n.* configuration variables were incorrectly
described as core.*; fixed.
- added and clarified core.bare, core.legacyheaders configurations.
- updated "git-clone --depth" documentation.
- user-manual updates.
- Options to 'git remote add' were described insufficiently.
- Configuration format.suffix was not documented.
- Other formatting and spelling fixes.
- user-manual has better cross references.
- gitweb installation/deployment procedure is now documented.
* Bugfixes
- git-upload-pack closes unused pipe ends; earlier this caused
many zombies to hang around.
- git-rerere was recording the contents of earlier hunks
duplicated in later hunks. This prevented resolving the same
conflict when performing the same merge the other way around.
- git-add and git-update-index on a filesystem on which
executable bits are unreliable incorrectly reused st_mode
bits even when the path changed between symlink and regular
file.
- git-daemon marks the listening sockets with FD_CLOEXEC so
that it won't be leaked into the children.
- segfault from git-blame when the mandatory pathname
parameter was missing was fixed; usage() message is given
instead.
- git-rev-list did not read $GIT_DIR/config file, which means
that did not honor i18n.logoutputencoding correctly.
- Automated merge conflict handling when changes to symbolic
links conflicted were completely broken. The merge-resolve
strategy created a regular file with conflict markers in it
in place of the symbolic link. The default strategy,
merge-recursive was even more broken. It removed the path
that was pointed at by the symbolic link. Both of these
problems have been fixed.
- 'git diff maint master next' did not correctly give combined
diff across three trees.
- 'git fast-import' portability fix for Solaris.
- 'git show-ref --verify' without arguments did not error out
but segfaulted.
- 'git diff :tracked-file `pwd`/an-untracked-file' gave an extra
slashes after a/ and b/.
- 'git format-patch' produced too long filenames if the commit
message had too long line at the beginning.
- Running 'make all' and then without changing anything
running 'make install' still rebuilt some files. This
was inconvenient when building as yourself and then
installing as root (especially problematic when the source
directory is on NFS and root is mapped to nobody).
- 'git-rerere' failed to deal with two unconflicted paths that
sorted next to each other.
- 'git-rerere' attempted to open(2) a symlink and failed if
there was a conflict. Since a conflicting change to a
symlink would not benefit from rerere anyway, the command
now ignores conflicting changes to symlinks.
- 'git-repack' did not like to pass more than 64 arguments
internally to underlying 'rev-list' logic, which made it
impossible to repack after accumulating many (small) packs
in the repository.
- 'git-diff' to review the combined diff during a conflicted
merge were not reading the working tree version correctly
when changes to a symbolic link conflicted. It should have
read the data using readlink(2) but read from the regular
file the symbolic link pointed at.
- 'git-remote' did not like period in a remote's name.
- 'git.el' honors the commit coding system from the configuration.
- 'blameview' in contrib/ correctly digs deeper when a line is
clicked.
- 'http-push' correctly makes sure the remote side has leading
path. Earlier it started in the middle of the path, and
incorrectly.
- 'git-merge' did not exit with non-zero status when the
working tree was dirty and cannot fast forward. It does
now.
- 'cvsexportcommit' does not lose yet-to-be-used message file.
- int-vs-size_t typefix when running combined diff on files
over 2GB long.
- 'git apply --whitespace=strip' should not touch unmodified
lines.
- 'git-mailinfo' choke when a logical header line was too long.
- 'git show A..B' did not error out. Negative ref ("not A" in
this example) does not make sense for the purpose of the
command, so now it errors out.
- 'git fmt-merge-msg --file' without file parameter did not
correctly error out.
- 'git archimport' barfed upon encountering a commit without
summary.
- 'git index-pack' did not protect itself from getting a short
read out of pread(2).
- 'git http-push' had a few buffer overruns.
- Build dependency fixes to rebuild fetch.o when other headers
change.
- git.el does not add duplicate sign-off lines.
- git-commit shows the full stat of the resulting commit, not
just about the files in the current directory, when run from
a subdirectory.
- "git-checkout -m '@{8 hours ago}'" had a funny failure from
eval; fixed.
- git-merge (hence git-pull) did not refuse fast-forwarding
when the working tree had local changes that would have
conflicted with it.
- a handful small fixes to gitweb.
- build procedure for user-manual is fixed not to require locally
installed stylesheets.
- "git commit $paths" on paths whose earlier contents were
already updated in the index were failing out.
* Tweaks
- sliding mmap() inefficiently mmaped the same region of a
packfile with an access pattern that used objects in the
reverse order. This has been made more efficient.

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GIT v1.5.2.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.2
------------------
* Bugfixes
- Temporary files that are used when invoking external diff
programs did not tolerate a long TMPDIR.
- git-daemon did not notice when it could not write into its
pid file.
- git-status did not honor core.excludesFile configuration like
git-add did.
- git-annotate did not work from a subdirectory while
git-blame did.
- git-cvsserver should have disabled access to a repository
with "gitcvs.pserver.enabled = false" set even when
"gitcvs.enabled = true" was set at the same time. It
didn't.
- git-cvsimport did not work correctly in a repository with
its branch heads were packed with pack-refs.
- ident unexpansion to squash "$Id: xxx $" that is in the
repository copy removed incorrect number of bytes.
- git-svn misbehaved when the subversion repository did not
provide MD5 checksums for files.
- git rebase (and git am) misbehaved on commits that have '\n'
(literally backslash and en, not a linefeed) in the title.
- code to decode base85 used in binary patches had one error
return codepath wrong.
- RFC2047 Q encoding output by git-format-patch used '_' for a
space, which is not understood by some programs. It uses =20
which is safer.
- git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed.
- A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes.

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GIT v1.5.2.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.2.1
--------------------
* Usability fix
- git-gui is shipped with its updated blame interface. It is
rumored that the older one was not just unusable but was
active health hazard, but this one is actually pretty.
Please see for yourself.
* Bugfixes
- "git checkout fubar" was utterly confused when there is a
branch fubar and a tag fubar at the same time. It correctly
checks out the branch fubar now.
- "git clone /path/foo" to clone a local /path/foo.git
repository left an incorrect configuration.
- "git send-email" correctly unquotes RFC 2047 quoted names in
the patch-email before using their values.
- We did not accept number of seconds since epoch older than
year 2000 as a valid timestamp. We now interpret positive
integers more than 8 digits as such, which allows us to
express timestamps more recent than March 1973.
- git-cvsimport did not work when you have GIT_DIR to point
your repository at a nonstandard location.
- Some systems (notably, Solaris) lack hstrerror() to make
h_errno human readable; prepare a replacement
implementation.
- .gitignore file listed git-core.spec but what we generate is
git.spec, and nobody noticed for a long time.
- "git-merge-recursive" does not try to run file level merge
on binary files.
- "git-branch --track" did not create tracking configuration
correctly when the branch name had slash in it.
- The email address of the user specified with user.email
configuration was overridden by EMAIL environment variable.
- The tree parser did not warn about tree entries with
nonsense file modes, and assumed they must be blobs.
- "git log -z" without any other request to generate diff still
invoked the diff machinery, wasting cycles.
* Documentation
- Many updates to fix stale or missing documentation.
- Although our documentation was primarily meant to be formatted
with AsciiDoc7, formatting with AsciiDoc8 is supported better.

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GIT v1.5.2.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.2.2
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- Version 2 pack index format was introduced in version 1.5.2
to support pack files that has offset that cannot be
represented in 32-bit. The runtime code to validate such
an index mishandled such an index for an empty pack.
- Commit walkers (most notably, fetch over http protocol)
tried to traverse commit objects contained in trees (aka
subproject); they shouldn't.
- A build option NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER was not explained in Makefile
comment correctly.
* Documentation Fixes and Updates
- git-config --regexp was not documented properly.
- git-repack -a was not documented properly.
- git-remote -n was not documented properly.

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GIT v1.5.2.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.2.3
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- "git-gui" bugfixes, including a handful fixes to run it
better on Cygwin/MSYS.
- "git checkout" failed to switch back and forth between
branches, one of which has "frotz -> xyzzy" symlink and
file "xyzzy/filfre", while the other one has a file
"frotz/filfre".
- "git prune" used to segfault upon seeing a commit that is
referred to by a tree object (aka "subproject").
- "git diff --name-status --no-index" mishandled an added file.
- "git apply --reverse --whitespace=warn" still complained
about whitespaces that a forward application would have
introduced.
* Documentation Fixes and Updates
- A handful documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.2.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.2.4
--------------------
* Bugfixes
- "git add -u" had a serious data corruption problem in one
special case (when the changes to a subdirectory's files
consist only deletion of files).
- "git add -u <path>" did not work from a subdirectory.
- "git apply" left an empty directory after all its files are
renamed away.
- "git $anycmd foo/bar", when there is a file 'foo' in the
working tree, complained that "git $anycmd foo/bar --" form
should be used to disambiguate between revs and files,
which was completely bogus.
- "git checkout-index" and other commands that checks out
files to the work tree tried unlink(2) on directories,
which is a sane thing to do on sane systems, but not on
Solaris when you are root.
* Documentation Fixes and Updates
- A handful documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.5.2 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.5.1
--------------------
* Plumbing level superproject support.
You can include a subdirectory that has an independent git
repository in your index and tree objects of your project
("superproject"). This plumbing (i.e. "core") level
superproject support explicitly excludes recursive behaviour.
The "subproject" entries in the index and trees of a superproject
are incompatible with older versions of git. Experimenting with
the plumbing level support is encouraged, but be warned that
unless everybody in your project updates to this release or
later, using this feature would make your project
inaccessible by people with older versions of git.
* Plumbing level gitattributes support.
The gitattributes mechanism allows you to add 'attributes' to
paths in your project, and affect the way certain git
operations work. Currently you can influence if a path is
considered a binary or text (the former would be treated by
'git diff' not to produce textual output; the latter can go
through the line endings conversion process in repositories
with core.autocrlf set), expand and unexpand '$Id$' keyword
with blob object name, specify a custom 3-way merge driver,
and specify a custom diff driver. You can also apply
arbitrary filter to contents on check-in/check-out codepath
but this feature is an extremely sharp-edged razor and needs
to be handled with caution (do not use it unless you
understand the earlier mailing list discussion on keyword
expansion). These conversions apply when checking files in
or out, and exporting via git-archive.
* The packfile format now optionally supports 64-bit index.
This release supports the "version 2" format of the .idx
file. This is automatically enabled when a huge packfile
needs more than 32-bit to express offsets of objects in the
pack.
* Comes with an updated git-gui 0.7.1
* Updated gitweb:
- can show combined diff for merges;
- uses font size of user's preference, not hardcoded in pixels;
- can now 'grep';
* New commands and options.
- "git bisect start" can optionally take a single bad commit and
zero or more good commits on the command line.
- "git shortlog" can optionally be told to wrap its output.
- "subtree" merge strategy allows another project to be merged in as
your subdirectory.
- "git format-patch" learned a new --subject-prefix=<string>
option, to override the built-in "[PATCH]".
- "git add -u" is a quick way to do the first stage of "git
commit -a" (i.e. update the index to match the working
tree); it obviously does not make a commit.
- "git clean" honors a new configuration, "clean.requireforce". When
set to true, this makes "git clean" a no-op, preventing you
from losing files by typing "git clean" when you meant to
say "make clean". You can still say "git clean -f" to
override this.
- "git log" family of commands learned --date={local,relative,default}
option. --date=relative is synonym to the --relative-date.
--date=local gives the timestamp in local timezone.
* Updated behavior of existing commands.
- When $GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL or $GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL is not set
but $EMAIL is set, the latter is used as a substitute.
- "git diff --stat" shows size of preimage and postimage blobs
for binary contents. Earlier it only said "Bin".
- "git lost-found" shows stuff that are unreachable except
from reflogs.
- "git checkout branch^0" now detaches HEAD at the tip commit
on the named branch, instead of just switching to the
branch (use "git checkout branch" to switch to the branch,
as before).
- "git bisect next" can be used after giving only a bad commit
without giving a good one (this starts bisection half-way to
the root commit). We used to refuse to operate without a
good and a bad commit.
- "git push", when pushing into more than one repository, does
not stop at the first error.
- "git archive" does not insist you to give --format parameter
anymore; it defaults to "tar".
- "git cvsserver" can use backends other than sqlite.
- "gitview" (in contrib/ section) learned to better support
"git-annotate".
- "git diff $commit1:$path2 $commit2:$path2" can now report
mode changes between the two blobs.
- Local "git fetch" from a repository whose object store is
one of the alternates (e.g. fetching from the origin in a
repository created with "git clone -l -s") avoids
downloading objects unnecessarily.
- "git blame" uses .mailmap to canonicalize the author name
just like "git shortlog" does.
- "git pack-objects" pays attention to pack.depth
configuration variable.
- "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" does not use .msg file in
the working tree to prepare commit message; instead it uses
$GIT_DIR/MERGE_MSG as other commands do.
* Builds
- git-p4import has never been installed; now there is an
installation option to do so.
- gitk and git-gui can be configured out.
- Generated documentation pages automatically get version
information from GIT_VERSION.
- Parallel build with "make -j" descending into subdirectory
was fixed.
* Performance Tweaks
- Optimized "git-rev-list --bisect" (hence "git-bisect").
- Optimized "git-add $path" in a large directory, most of
whose contents are ignored.
- Optimized "git-diff-tree" for reduced memory footprint.
- The recursive merge strategy updated a worktree file that
was changed identically in two branches, when one of them
renamed it. We do not do that when there is no rename, so
match that behaviour. This avoids excessive rebuilds.
- The default pack depth has been increased to 50, as the
recent addition of delta_base_cache makes deeper delta chains
much less expensive to access. Depending on the project, it was
reported that this reduces the resulting pack file by 10%
or so.
Fixes since v1.5.1
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.1 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
* Bugfixes
- Switching branches with "git checkout" refused to work when
a path changes from a file to a directory between the
current branch and the new branch, in order not to lose
possible local changes in the directory that is being turned
into a file with the switch. We now allow such a branch
switch after making sure that there is no locally modified
file nor un-ignored file in the directory. This has not
been backported to 1.5.1.x series, as it is rather an
intrusive change.
- Merging branches that have a file in one and a directory in
another at the same path used to get quite confused. We
handle such a case a bit more carefully, even though that is
still left as a conflict for the user to sort out. This
will not be backported to 1.5.1.x series, as it is rather an
intrusive change.
- git-fetch had trouble with a remote with insanely large number
of refs.
- "git clean -d -X" now does not remove non-excluded directories.
- rebasing (without -m) a series that changes a symlink to a directory
in the middle of a path confused git-apply greatly and refused to
operate.

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GIT v1.5.3.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3
------------------
This is solely to fix the generated RPM's dependencies. We used
to have git-p4 package but we do not anymore. As suggested on
the mailing list, this release makes git-core "Obsolete" git-p4,
so that yum update would not complain.

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GIT v1.5.3.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.1
--------------------
* git-push sent thin packs by default, which was not good for
the public distribution server (no point in saving transfer
while pushing; no point in making the resulting pack less
optimum).
* git-svn sometimes terminated with "Malformed network data" when
talking over svn:// protocol.
* git-send-email re-issued the same message-id about 10% of the
time if you fired off 30 messages within a single second.
* git-stash was not terminating the log message of commits it
internally creates with LF.
* git-apply failed to check the size of the patch hunk when its
beginning part matched the remainder of the preimage exactly,
even though the preimage recorded in the hunk was much larger
(therefore the patch should not have applied), leading to a
segfault.
* "git rm foo && git commit foo" complained that 'foo' needs to
be added first, instead of committing the removal, which was a
nonsense.
* git grep -c said "/dev/null: 0".
* git-add -u failed to recognize a blob whose type changed
between the index and the work tree.
* The limit to rename detection has been tightened a lot to
reduce performance problems with a huge change.
* cvsimport and svnimport barfed when the input tried to move
a tag.
* "git apply -pN" did not chop the right number of directories.
* "git svnimport" did not like SVN tags with funny characters in them.
* git-gui 0.8.3, with assorted fixes, including:
- font-chooser on X11 was unusable with large number of fonts;
- a diff that contained a deleted symlink made it barf;
- an untracked symbolic link to a directory made it fart;
- a file with % in its name made it vomit;
Documentation updates
---------------------
User manual has been somewhat restructured. I think the new
organization is much easier to read.

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GIT v1.5.3.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.2
--------------------
* git-quiltimport did not like it when a patch described in the
series file does not exist.
* p4 importer missed executable bit in some cases.
* The default shell on some FreeBSD did not execute the
argument parsing code correctly and made git unusable.
* git-svn incorrectly spawned pager even when the user
explicitly asked not to.
* sample post-receive hook overquoted the envelope sender
value.
* git-am got confused when the patch contained a change that is
only about type and not contents.
* git-mergetool did not show our and their version of the
conflicted file when started from a subdirectory of the
project.
* git-mergetool did not pass correct options when invoking diff3.
* git-log sometimes invoked underlying "diff" machinery
unnecessarily.

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GIT v1.5.3.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.3
--------------------
* Change to "git-ls-files" in v1.5.3.3 that was introduced to support
partial commit of removal better had a segfaulting bug, which was
diagnosed and fixed by Keith and Carl.
* Performance improvements for rename detection has been backported
from the 'master' branch.
* "git-for-each-ref --format='%(numparent)'" was not working
correctly at all, and --format='%(parent)' was not working for
merge commits.
* Sample "post-receive-hook" incorrectly sent out push
notification e-mails marked as "From: " the committer of the
commit that happened to be at the tip of the branch that was
pushed, not from the person who pushed.
* "git-remote" did not exit non-zero status upon error.
* "git-add -i" did not respond very well to EOF from tty nor
bogus input.
* "git-rebase -i" squash subcommand incorrectly made the
author of later commit the author of resulting commit,
instead of taking from the first one in the squashed series.
* "git-stash apply --index" was not documented.
* autoconfiguration learned that "ar" command is found as "gas" on
some systems.

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GIT v1.5.3.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.4
--------------------
* Comes with git-gui 0.8.4.
* "git-config" silently ignored options after --list; now it will
error out with a usage message.
* "git-config --file" failed if the argument used a relative path
as it changed directories before opening the file.
* "git-config --file" now displays a proper error message if it
cannot read the file specified on the command line.
* "git-config", "git-diff", "git-apply" failed if run from a
subdirectory with relative GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE set.
* "git-blame" crashed if run during a merge conflict.
* "git-add -i" did not handle single line hunks correctly.
* "git-rebase -i" and "git-stash apply" failed if external diff
drivers were used for one or more files in a commit. They now
avoid calling the external diff drivers.
* "git-log --follow" did not work unless diff generation (e.g. -p)
was also requested.
* "git-log --follow -B" did not work at all. Fixed.
* "git-log -M -B" did not correctly handle cases of very large files
being renamed and replaced by very small files in the same commit.
* "git-log" printed extra newlines between commits when a diff
was generated internally (e.g. -S or --follow) but not displayed.
* "git-push" error message is more helpful when pushing to a
repository with no matching refs and none specified.
* "git-push" now respects + (force push) on wildcard refspecs,
matching the behavior of git-fetch.
* "git-filter-branch" now updates the working directory when it
has finished filtering the current branch.
* "git-instaweb" no longer fails on Mac OS X.
* "git-cvsexportcommit" didn't always create new parent directories
before trying to create new child directories. Fixed.
* "git-fetch" printed a scary (but bogus) error message while
fetching a tag that pointed to a tree or blob. The error did
not impact correctness, only user perception. The bogus error
is no longer printed.
* "git-ls-files --ignored" did not properly descend into non-ignored
directories that themselves contained ignored files if d_type
was not supported by the filesystem. This bug impacted systems
such as AFS. Fixed.
* Git segfaulted when reading an invalid .gitattributes file. Fixed.
* post-receive-email example hook was fixed for non-fast-forward
updates.
* Documentation updates for supported (but previously undocumented)
options of "git-archive" and "git-reflog".
* "make clean" no longer deletes the configure script that ships
with the git tarball, making multiple architecture builds easier.
* "git-remote show origin" spewed a warning message from Perl
when no remote is defined for the current branch via
branch.<name>.remote configuration settings.
* Building with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER excessively rebuilt contents
of perl/ subdirectory by rewriting perl.mak.
* http.sslVerify configuration settings were not used in scripted
Porcelains.
* "git-add" leaked a bit of memory while scanning for files to add.
* A few workarounds to squelch false warnings from recent gcc have
been added.
* "git-send-pack $remote frotz" segfaulted when there is nothing
named 'frotz' on the local end.
* "git-rebase --interactive" did not handle its "--strategy" option
properly.

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GIT v1.5.3.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.5
--------------------
* git-cvsexportcommit handles root commits better.
* git-svn dcommit used to clobber when sending a series of
patches.
* git-svn dcommit failed after attempting to rebase when
started with a dirty index; now it stops upfront.
* git-grep sometimes refused to work when your index was
unmerged.
* "git-grep -A1 -B2" acted as if it was told to run "git -A1 -B21".
* git-hash-object did not honor configuration variables, such as
core.compression.
* git-index-pack choked on a huge pack on 32-bit machines, even when
large file offsets are supported.
* atom feeds from git-web said "10" for the month of November.
* a memory leak in commit walker was plugged.
* When git-send-email inserted the original author's From:
address in body, it did not mark the message with
Content-type: as needed.
* git-revert and git-cherry-pick incorrectly refused to start
when the work tree was dirty.
* git-clean did not honor core.excludesfile configuration.
* git-add mishandled ".gitignore" files when applying them to
subdirectories.
* While importing a too branchy history, git-fastimport did not
honor delta depth limit properly.
* Support for zlib implementations that lack ZLIB_VERNUM and definition
of deflateBound() has been added.
* Quite a lot of documentation clarifications.

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GIT v1.5.3.7 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.6
--------------------
* git-send-email added 8-bit contents to the payload without
marking it as 8-bit in a CTE header.
* "git-bundle create a.bndl HEAD" dereferenced the symref and
did not record the ref as 'HEAD'; this prevented a bundle
from being used as a normal source of git-clone.
* The code to reject nonsense command line of the form
"git-commit -a paths..." and "git-commit --interactive
paths..." were broken.
* Adding a signature that is not ASCII-only to an original
commit that is ASCII-only would make the result non-ASCII.
"git-format-patch -s" did not mark such a message correctly
with MIME encoding header.
* git-add sometimes did not mark the resulting index entry
stat-clean. This affected only cases when adding the
contents with the same length as the previously staged
contents, and the previous staging made the index entry
"racily clean".
* git-commit did not honor GIT_INDEX_FILE the user had in the
environment.
* When checking out a revision, git-checkout did not report where the
updated HEAD is if you happened to have a file called HEAD in the
work tree.
* "git-rev-list --objects" mishandled a tree that points at a
submodule.
* "git cvsimport" was not ready for packed refs that "git gc" can
produce and gave incorrect results.
* Many scripted Porcelains were confused when you happened to have a
file called "HEAD" in your work tree.
Also it contains updates to the user manual and documentation.

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GIT v1.5.3.8 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.3.7
--------------------
* Some documentation used "email.com" as an example domain.
* git-svn fix to handle funky branch and project names going over
http/https correctly.
* git-svn fix to tone down a needlessly alarming warning message.
* git-clone did not correctly report errors while fetching over http.
* git-send-email added redundant Message-Id: header to the outgoing
e-mail when the patch text already had one.
* a read-beyond-end-of-buffer bug in configuration file updater was fixed.
* git-grep used to show the same hit repeatedly for unmerged paths.
* After amending the patch title in "git-am -i", the command did not
report the patch it applied with the updated title.

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GIT v1.5.3 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.5.2
--------------------
* The commit walkers other than http are officially deprecated,
but still supported for now.
* The submodule support has Porcelain layer.
Note that the current submodule support is minimal and this is
deliberately so. A design decision we made is that operations
at the supermodule level do not recurse into submodules by
default. The expectation is that later we would add a
mechanism to tell git which submodules the user is interested
in, and this information might be used to determine the
recursive behaviour of certain commands (e.g. "git checkout"
and "git diff"), but currently we haven't agreed on what that
mechanism should look like. Therefore, if you use submodules,
you would probably need "git submodule update" on the
submodules you care about after running a "git checkout" at
the supermodule level.
* There are a handful pack-objects changes to help you cope better
with repositories with pathologically large blobs in them.
* For people who need to import from Perforce, a front-end for
fast-import is in contrib/fast-import/.
* Comes with git-gui 0.8.2.
* Comes with updated gitk.
* New commands and options.
- "git log --date=<format>" can use more formats: iso8601, rfc2822.
- The hunk header output from "git diff" family can be customized
with the attributes mechanism. See gitattributes(5) for details.
- "git stash" allows you to quickly save away your work in
progress and replay it later on an updated state.
- "git rebase" learned an "interactive" mode that let you
pick and reorder which commits to rebuild.
- "git fsck" can save its findings in $GIT_DIR/lost-found, without a
separate invocation of "git lost-found" command. The blobs stored by
lost-found are stored in plain format to allow you to grep in them.
- $GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable can be used together with
$GIT_DIR to work in a subdirectory of a working tree that is
not located at "$GIT_DIR/..".
- Giving "--file=<file>" option to "git config" is the same as
running the command with GIT_CONFIG=<file> environment.
- "git log" learned a new option "--follow", to follow
renaming history of a single file.
- "git filter-branch" lets you rewrite the revision history of
specified branches. You can specify a number of filters to
modify the commits, files and trees.
- "git cvsserver" learned new options (--base-path, --export-all,
--strict-paths) inspired by "git daemon".
- "git daemon --base-path-relaxed" can help migrating a repository URL
that did not use to use --base-path to use --base-path.
- "git commit" can use "-t templatefile" option and commit.template
configuration variable to prime the commit message given to you in the
editor.
- "git submodule" command helps you manage the projects from
the superproject that contain them.
- In addition to core.compression configuration option,
core.loosecompression and pack.compression options can
independently tweak zlib compression levels used for loose
and packed objects.
- "git ls-tree -l" shows size of blobs pointed at by the
tree entries, similar to "/bin/ls -l".
- "git rev-list" learned --regexp-ignore-case and
--extended-regexp options to tweak its matching logic used
for --grep filtering.
- "git describe --contains" is a handier way to call more
obscure command "git name-rev --tags".
- "git gc --aggressive" tells the command to spend more cycles
to optimize the repository harder.
- "git repack" learned a "window-memory" limit which
dynamically reduces the window size to stay within the
specified memory usage.
- "git repack" can be told to split resulting packs to avoid
exceeding limit specified with "--max-pack-size".
- "git fsck" gained --verbose option. This is really really
verbose but it might help you identify exact commit that is
corrupt in your repository.
- "git format-patch" learned --numbered-files option. This
may be useful for MH users.
- "git format-patch" learned format.subjectprefix configuration
variable, which serves the same purpose as "--subject-prefix"
option.
- "git tag -n -l" shows tag annotations while listing tags.
- "git cvsimport" can optionally use the separate-remote layout.
- "git blame" can be told to see through commits that change
whitespaces and indentation levels with "-w" option.
- "git send-email" can be told not to thread the messages when
sending out more than one patches.
- "git send-email" can also be told how to find whom to cc the
message to for each message via --cc-cmd.
- "git config" learned NUL terminated output format via -z to
help scripts.
- "git add" learned "--refresh <paths>..." option to selectively refresh
the cached stat information.
- "git init -q" makes the command quieter.
- "git -p command" now has a cousin of opposite sex, "git --no-pager
command".
* Updated behavior of existing commands.
- "gitweb" can offer multiple snapshot formats.
***NOTE*** Unfortunately, this changes the format of the
$feature{snapshot}{default} entry in the per-site
configuration file 'gitweb_config.perl'. It used to be a
three-element tuple that describe a single format; with the
new configuration item format, you only have to say the name
of the format ('tgz', 'tbz2' or 'zip'). Please update the
your configuration file accordingly.
- "git clone" uses -l (hardlink files under .git) by default when
cloning locally.
- URL used for "git clone" and friends can specify nonstandard SSH port
by using ssh://host:port/path/to/repo syntax.
- "git bundle create" can now create a bundle without negative refs,
i.e. "everything since the beginning up to certain points".
- "git diff" (but not the plumbing level "git diff-tree") now
recursively descends into trees by default.
- "git diff" does not show differences that come only from
stat-dirtiness in the form of "diff --git" header anymore.
It runs "update-index --refresh" silently as needed.
- "git tag -l" used to match tags by globbing its parameter as if it
has wildcard '*' on both ends, which made "git tag -l gui" to match
tag 'gitgui-0.7.0'; this was very annoying. You now have to add
asterisk on the sides you want to wildcard yourself.
- The editor to use with many interactive commands can be
overridden with GIT_EDITOR environment variable, or if it
does not exist, with core.editor configuration variable. As
before, if you have neither, environment variables VISUAL
and EDITOR are consulted in this order, and then finally we
fall back on "vi".
- "git rm --cached" does not complain when removing a newly
added file from the index anymore.
- Options to "git log" to affect how --grep/--author options look for
given strings now have shorter abbreviations. -i is for ignore case,
and -E is for extended regexp.
- "git log" learned --log-size to show the number of bytes in
the log message part of the output to help qgit.
- "git log --name-status" does not require you to give "-r" anymore.
As a general rule, Porcelain commands should recurse when showing
diff.
- "git format-patch --root A" can be used to format everything
since the beginning up to A. This was supported with
"git format-patch --root A A" for a long time, but was not
properly documented.
- "git svn dcommit" retains local merge information.
- "git svnimport" allows an empty string to be specified as the
trunk/ directory. This is necessary to suck data from a SVN
repository that doe not have trunk/ branches/ and tags/ organization
at all.
- "git config" to set values also honors type flags like --bool
and --int.
- core.quotepath configuration can be used to make textual git
output to emit most of the characters in the path literally.
- "git mergetool" chooses its backend more wisely, taking
notice of its environment such as use of X, Gnome/KDE, etc.
- "gitweb" shows merge commits a lot nicer than before. The
default view uses more compact --cc format, while the UI
allows to choose normal diff with any parent.
- snapshot files "gitweb" creates from a repository at
$path/$project/.git are more useful. We use $project part
in the filename, which we used to discard.
- "git cvsimport" creates lightweight tags; there is no
interesting information we can record in an annotated tag,
and the handcrafted ones the old code created was not
properly formed anyway.
- "git push" pretends that you immediately fetched back from
the remote by updating corresponding remote tracking
branches if you have any.
- The diffstat given after a merge (or a pull) honors the
color.diff configuration.
- "git commit --amend" is now compatible with various message source
options such as -m/-C/-c/-F.
- "git apply --whitespace=strip" removes blank lines added at
the end of the file.
- "git fetch" over git native protocols with "-v" option shows
connection status, and the IP address of the other end, to
help diagnosing problems.
- We used to have core.legacyheaders configuration, when
set to false, allowed git to write loose objects in a format
that mimics the format used by objects stored in packs. It
turns out that this was not so useful. Although we will
continue to read objects written in that format, we do not
honor that configuration anymore and create loose objects in
the legacy/traditional format.
- "--find-copies-harder" option to diff family can now be
spelled as "-C -C" for brevity.
- "git mailsplit" (hence "git am") can read from Maildir
formatted mailboxes.
- "git cvsserver" does not barf upon seeing "cvs login"
request.
- "pack-objects" honors "delta" attribute set in
.gitattributes. It does not attempt to deltify blobs that
come from paths with delta attribute set to false.
- "new-workdir" script (in contrib) can now be used with a
bare repository.
- "git mergetool" learned to use gvimdiff.
- "gitview" (in contrib) has a better blame interface.
- "git log" and friends did not handle a commit log message
that is larger than 16kB; they do now.
- "--pretty=oneline" output format for "git log" and friends
deals with "malformed" commit log messages that have more
than one lines in the first paragraph better. We used to
show the first line, cutting the title at mid-sentence; we
concatenate them into a single line and treat the result as
"oneline".
- "git p4import" has been demoted to contrib status. For
a superior option, checkout the "git p4" front end to
"git fast-import" (also in contrib). The man page and p4
rpm have been removed as well.
- "git mailinfo" (hence "am") now tries to see if the message
is in utf-8 first, instead of assuming iso-8859-1, if
incoming e-mail does not say what encoding it is in.
* Builds
- old-style function definitions (most notably, a function
without parameter defined with "func()", not "func(void)")
have been eradicated.
- "git tag" and "git verify-tag" have been rewritten in C.
* Performance Tweaks
- "git pack-objects" avoids re-deltification cost by caching
small enough delta results it creates while looking for the
best delta candidates.
- "git pack-objects" learned a new heuristic to prefer delta
that is shallower in depth over the smallest delta
possible. This improves both overall packfile access
performance and packfile density.
- diff-delta code that is used for packing has been improved
to work better on big files.
- when there are more than one pack files in the repository,
the runtime used to try finding an object always from the
newest packfile; it now tries the same packfile as we found
the object requested the last time, which exploits the
locality of references.
- verifying pack contents done by "git fsck --full" got boost
by carefully choosing the order to verify objects in them.
- "git read-tree -m" to read into an already populated index
has been optimized vastly. The effect of this can be seen
when switching branches that have differences in only a
handful paths.
- "git add paths..." and "git commit paths..." has also been
heavily optimized.
Fixes since v1.5.2
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.2 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
* Bugfixes
- "gitweb" had trouble handling non UTF-8 text with older
Encode.pm Perl module.
- "git svn" misparsed the data from the commits in the repository when
the user had "color.diff = true" in the configuration. This has been
fixed.
- There was a case where "git svn dcommit" clobbered changes made on the
SVN side while committing multiple changes.
- "git-write-tree" had a bad interaction with racy-git avoidance and
gitattributes mechanisms.
- "git --bare command" overrode existing GIT_DIR setting and always
made it treat the current working directory as GIT_DIR.
- "git ls-files --error-unmatch" does not complain if you give the
same path pattern twice by mistake.
- "git init" autodetected core.filemode but not core.symlinks, which
made a new directory created automatically by "git clone" cumbersome
to use on filesystems that require these configurations to be set.
- "git log" family of commands behaved differently when run as "git
log" (no pathspec) and as "git log --" (again, no pathspec). This
inconsistency was introduced somewhere in v1.3.0 series but now has
been corrected.
- "git rebase -m" incorrectly displayed commits that were skipped.

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GIT v1.5.4.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.4
------------------
* "git-commit -C $tag" used to work but rewrite in C done in
1.5.4 broke it.
* An entry in the .gitattributes file that names a pattern in a
subdirectory of the directory it is in did not match
correctly (e.g. pattern "b/*.c" in "a/.gitattributes" should
match "a/b/foo.c" but it didn't).
* Customized color specification was parsed incorrectly when
numeric color values are used. This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.

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GIT v1.5.4.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.4
------------------
* The configuration parser was not prepared to see string
valued variables misspelled as boolean and segfaulted.
* Temporary files left behind due to interrupted object
transfers were not cleaned up with "git prune".
* "git config --unset" was confused when the unset variables
were spelled with continuation lines in the config file.
* The merge message detection in "git cvsimport" did not catch
a message that began with "Merge...".
* "git status" suggests "git rm --cached" for unstaging the
earlier "git add" before the initial commit.
* "git status" output was incorrect during a partial commit.
* "git bisect" refused to start when the HEAD was detached.
* "git bisect" allowed a wildcard character in the commit
message expanded while writing its log file.
* Manual pages were not formatted correctly with docbook xsl
1.72; added a workaround.
* "git-commit -C $tag" used to work but rewrite in C done in
1.5.4 broke it. This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
* An entry in the .gitattributes file that names a pattern in a
subdirectory of the directory it is in did not match
correctly (e.g. pattern "b/*.c" in "a/.gitattributes" should
match "a/b/foo.c" but it didn't). This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
* Customized color specification was parsed incorrectly when
numeric color values are used. This was fixed in 1.5.4.1.
* http transport misbehaved when linked with curl-gnutls.

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GIT v1.5.4.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.4.2
--------------------
* RPM spec used to pull in everything with 'git'. This has been
changed so that 'git' package contains just the core parts,
and we now supply 'git-all' metapackage to slurp in everything.
This should match end user's expectation better.
* When some refs failed to update, git-push reported "failure"
which was unclear if some other refs were updated or all of
them failed atomically (the answer is the former). Reworded
the message to clarify this.
* "git clone" from a repository whose HEAD was misconfigured
did not set up the remote properly. Now it tries to do
better.
* Updated git-push documentation to clarify what "matching"
means, in order to reduce user confusion.
* Updated git-add documentation to clarify "add -u" operates in
the current subdirectory you are in, just like other commands.
* git-gui updates to work on OSX and Windows better.

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GIT v1.5.4.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.4.3
--------------------
* Building and installing with an overtight umask such as 077 made
installed templates unreadable by others, while the rest of the install
are done in a way that is friendly to umask 022.
* "git cvsexportcommit -w $cvsdir" misbehaved when GIT_DIR is set to a
relative directory.
* "git http-push" had an invalid memory access that could lead it to
segfault.
* When "git rebase -i" gave control back to the user for a commit that is
marked to be edited, it just said "modify it with commit --amend",
without saying what to do to continue after modifying it. Give an
explicit instruction to run "rebase --continue" to be more helpful.
* "git send-email" in 1.5.4.3 issued a bogus empty In-Reply-To: header.
* "git bisect" showed mysterious "won't bisect on seeked tree" error message.
This was leftover from Cogito days to prevent "bisect" starting from a
cg-seeked state. We still keep the Cogito safety, but running "git bisect
start" when another bisect was in effect will clean up and start over.
* "git push" with an explicit PATH to receive-pack did not quite work if
receive-pack was not on usual PATH. We earlier fixed the same issue
with "git fetch" and upload-pack, but somehow forgot to do so in the
other direction.
* git-gui's info dialog was not displayed correctly when the user tries
to commit nothing (i.e. without staging anything).
* "git revert" did not properly fail when attempting to run with a
dirty index.
* "git merge --no-commit --no-ff <other>" incorrectly made commits.
* "git merge --squash --no-ff <other>", which is a nonsense combination
of options, was not rejected.
* "git ls-remote" and "git remote show" against an empty repository
failed, instead of just giving an empty result (regression).
* "git fast-import" did not handle a renamed path whose name needs to be
quoted, due to a bug in unquote_c_style() function.
* "git cvsexportcommit" was confused when multiple files with the same
basename needed to be pushed out in the same commit.
* "git daemon" did not send early errors to syslog.
* "git log --merge" did not work well with --left-right option.
* "git svn" prompted for client cert password every time it accessed the
server.
* The reset command in "git fast-import" data stream was documented to
end with an optional LF, but it actually required one.
* "git svn dcommit/rebase" did not honor --rewrite-root option.
Also included are a handful documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.4.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.4.4
--------------------
* "git fetch there" when the URL information came from the Cogito style
branches/there file did not update refs/heads/there (regression in
1.5.4).
* Bogus refspec configuration such as "remote.there.fetch = =" were not
detected as errors (regression in 1.5.4).
* You couldn't specify a custom editor whose path contains a whitespace
via GIT_EDITOR (and core.editor).
* The subdirectory filter to "git filter-branch" mishandled a history
where the subdirectory becomes empty and then later becomes non-empty.
* "git shortlog" gave an empty line if the original commit message was
malformed (e.g. a botched import from foreign SCM). Now it finds the
first non-empty line and uses it for better information.
* When the user fails to give a revision parameter to "git svn", an error
from the Perl interpreter was issued because the script lacked proper
error checking.
* After "git rebase" stopped due to conflicts, if the user played with
"git reset" and friends, "git rebase --abort" failed to go back to the
correct commit.
* Additional work trees prepared with git-new-workdir (in contrib/) did
not share git-svn metadata directory .git/svn with the original.
* "git-merge-recursive" did not mark addition of the same path with
different filemodes correctly as a conflict.
* "gitweb" gave malformed URL when pathinfo stype paths are in use.
* "-n" stands for "--no-tags" again for "git fetch".
* "git format-patch" did not detect the need to add 8-bit MIME header
when the user used format.header configuration.
* "rev~" revision specifier used to mean "rev", which was inconsistent
with how "rev^" worked. Now "rev~" is the same as "rev~1" (hence it
also is the same as "rev^1"), and "rev~0" is the same as "rev^0"
(i.e. it has to be a commit).
* "git quiltimport" did not grok empty lines, lines in "file -pNNN"
format to specify the prefix levels and lines with trailing comments.
* "git rebase -m" triggered pre-commit verification, which made
"rebase --continue" impossible.
As usual, it also comes with many documentation fixes and clarifications.

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GIT v1.5.4.6 Release Notes
==========================
I personally do not think there is any reason anybody should want to
run v1.5.4.X series these days, because 'master' version is always
more stable than any tagged released version of git.
This is primarily to futureproof "git-shell" to accept requests
without a dash between "git" and subcommand name (e.g. "git
upload-pack") which the newer client will start to make sometime in
the future.
Fixes since v1.5.4.5
--------------------
* Command line option "-n" to "git-repack" was not correctly parsed.
* Error messages from "git-apply" when the patchfile cannot be opened
have been improved.
* Error messages from "git-bisect" when given nonsense revisions have
been improved.
* reflog syntax that uses time e.g. "HEAD@{10 seconds ago}:path" did not
stop parsing at the closing "}".
* "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name ^master^2" printed solitary "^",
but it should print nothing.
* "git apply" did not enforce "match at the beginning" correctly.
* a path specification "a/b" in .gitattributes file should not match
"sub/a/b", but it did.
* "git log --date-order --topo-order" did not override the earlier
date-order with topo-order as expected.
* "git fast-export" did not export octopus merges correctly.
* "git archive --prefix=$path/" mishandled gitattributes.
As usual, it also comes with many documentation fixes and clarifications.

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GIT v1.5.4.7 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since 1.5.4.7
-------------------
* Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
which would have run an external diff command specified in the
repository configuration as the gitweb user.

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GIT v1.5.4 Release Notes
========================
Removal
-------
* "git svnimport" was removed in favor of "git svn". It is still there
in the source tree (contrib/examples) but unsupported.
* As git-commit and git-status have been rewritten, "git runstatus"
helper script lost all its users and has been removed.
Temporarily disabled
--------------------
* "git http-push" is known not to work well with cURL library older
than 7.16, and we had reports of repository corruption. It is
disabled on such platforms for now. Unfortunately, 1.5.3.8 shares
the same issue. In other words, this does not mean you will be
fine if you stick to an older git release. For now, please do not
use http-push from older git with cURL older than 7.16 if you
value your data. A proper fix will hopefully materialize in
later versions.
Deprecation notices
-------------------
* From v1.6.0, git will by default install dashed form of commands
(e.g. "git-commit") outside of users' normal $PATH, and will install
only selected commands ("git" itself, and "gitk") in $PATH. This
implies:
- Using dashed forms of git commands (e.g. "git-commit") from the
command line has been informally deprecated since early 2006, but
now it officially is, and will be removed in the future. Use
dash-less forms (e.g. "git commit") instead.
- Using dashed forms from your scripts, without first prepending the
return value from "git --exec-path" to the scripts' PATH, has been
informally deprecated since early 2006, but now it officially is.
- Use of dashed forms with "PATH=$(git --exec-path):$PATH; export
PATH" early in your script is not deprecated with this change.
Users are strongly encouraged to adjust their habits and scripts now
to prepare for this change.
* The post-receive hook was introduced in March 2007 to supersede
the post-update hook, primarily to overcome the command line length
limitation of the latter. Use of post-update hook will be deprecated
in future versions of git, starting from v1.6.0.
* "git lost-found" was deprecated in favor of "git fsck"'s --lost-found
option, and will be removed in the future.
* "git peek-remote" is deprecated, as "git ls-remote" was written in C
and works for all transports; "git peek-remote" will be removed in
the future.
* "git repo-config" which was an old name for "git config" command
has been supported without being advertised for a long time. The
next feature release will remove it.
* From v1.6.0, the repack.usedeltabaseoffset config option will default
to true, which will give denser packfiles (i.e. more efficient storage).
The downside is that git older than version 1.4.4 will not be able
to directly use a repository packed using this setting.
* From v1.6.0, the pack.indexversion config option will default to 2,
which is slightly more efficient, and makes repacking more immune to
data corruptions. Git older than version 1.5.2 may revert to version 1
of the pack index with a manual "git index-pack" to be able to directly
access corresponding pack files.
Updates since v1.5.3
--------------------
* Comes with much improved gitk, with i18n.
* Comes with git-gui 0.9.2 with i18n.
* gitk is now merged as a subdirectory of git.git project, in
preparation for its i18n.
* progress displays from many commands are a lot nicer to the eye.
Transfer commands show throughput data.
* many commands that pay attention to per-directory .gitignore now do
so lazily, which makes the usual case go much faster.
* Output processing for '--pretty=format:<user format>' has been
optimized.
* Rename detection of diff family while detecting exact matches has
been greatly optimized.
* Rename detection of diff family tries to make more natural looking
pairing. Earlier, if multiple identical rename sources were
found in the preimage, the source used was picked pretty much at random.
* Value "true" for color.diff and color.status configuration used to
mean "always" (even when the output is not going to a terminal).
This has been corrected to mean the same thing as "auto".
* "git diff" Porcelain now respects diff.external configuration, which
is another way to specify GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF.
* "git diff" can be told to use different prefixes other than
"a/" and "b/" e.g. "git diff --src-prefix=l/ --dst-prefix=k/".
* "git diff" sometimes did not quote paths with funny
characters properly.
* "git log" (and any revision traversal commands) misbehaved
when --diff-filter is given but was not asked to actually
produce diff.
* HTTP proxy can be specified per remote repository using
remote.*.httpproxy configuration, or global http.proxy configuration
variable.
* Various Perforce importer updates.
* Example update and post-receive hooks have been improved.
* Any command that wants to take a commit object name can now use
":/string" syntax to name a commit.
* "git reset" is now built-in and its output can be squelched with -q.
* "git reset --hard" does not make any sense in a bare
repository, but did not error out; fixed.
* "git send-email" can optionally talk over ssmtp and use SMTP-AUTH.
* "git rebase" learned --whitespace option.
* In "git rebase", when you decide not to replay a particular change
after the command stopped with a conflict, you can say "git rebase
--skip" without first running "git reset --hard", as the command now
runs it for you.
* "git rebase --interactive" mode can now work on detached HEAD.
* Other minor to serious bugs in "git rebase -i" have been fixed.
* "git rebase" now detaches head during its operation, so after a
successful "git rebase" operation, the reflog entry branch@{1} for
the current branch points at the commit before the rebase was
started.
* "git rebase -i" also triggers rerere to help your repeated merges.
* "git merge" can call the "post-merge" hook.
* "git pack-objects" can optionally run deltification with multiple
threads.
* "git archive" can optionally substitute keywords in files marked with
export-subst attribute.
* "git cherry-pick" made a misguided attempt to repeat the original
command line in the generated log message, when told to cherry-pick a
commit by naming a tag that points at it. It does not anymore.
* "git for-each-ref" learned %(xxxdate:<date-format>) syntax to show the
various date fields in different formats.
* "git gc --auto" is a low-impact way to automatically run a variant of
"git repack" that does not lose unreferenced objects (read: safer
than the usual one) after the user accumulates too many loose
objects.
* "git clean" has been rewritten in C.
* You need to explicitly set clean.requireForce to "false" to allow
"git clean" without -f to do any damage (lack of the configuration
variable used to mean "do not require -f option to lose untracked
files", but we now use the safer default).
* The kinds of whitespace errors "git diff" and "git apply" notice (and
fix) can be controlled via 'core.whitespace' configuration variable
and 'whitespace' attribute in .gitattributes file.
* "git push" learned --dry-run option to show what would happen if a
push is run.
* "git push" does not update a tracking ref on the local side when the
remote refused to update the corresponding ref.
* "git push" learned --mirror option. This is to push the local refs
one-to-one to the remote, and deletes refs from the remote that do
not exist anymore in the repository on the pushing side.
* "git push" can remove a corrupt ref at the remote site with the usual
":ref" refspec.
* "git remote" knows --mirror mode. This is to set up configuration to
push into a remote repository to store local branch heads to the same
branch on the remote side, and remove branch heads locally removed
from local repository at the same time. Suitable for pushing into a
back-up repository.
* "git remote" learned "rm" subcommand.
* "git cvsserver" can be run via "git shell". Also, "cvs" is
recognized as a synonym for "git cvsserver", so that CVS users
can be switched to git just by changing their login shell.
* "git cvsserver" acts more like receive-pack by running post-receive
and post-update hooks.
* "git am" and "git rebase" are far less verbose.
* "git pull" learned to pass --[no-]ff option to underlying "git
merge".
* "git pull --rebase" is a different way to integrate what you fetched
into your current branch.
* "git fast-export" produces data-stream that can be fed to fast-import
to reproduce the history recorded in a git repository.
* "git add -i" takes pathspecs to limit the set of files to work on.
* "git add -p" is a short-hand to go directly to the selective patch
subcommand in the interactive command loop and to exit when done.
* "git add -i" UI has been colorized. The interactive prompt
and menu can be colored by setting color.interactive
configuration. The diff output (including the hunk picker)
are colored with color.diff configuration.
* "git commit --allow-empty" allows you to create a single-parent
commit that records the same tree as its parent, overriding the usual
safety valve.
* "git commit --amend" can amend a merge that does not change the tree
from its first parent.
* "git commit" used to unconditionally strip comment lines that
began with '#' and removed excess blank lines. This behavior has
been made configurable.
* "git commit" has been rewritten in C.
* "git stash random-text" does not create a new stash anymore. It was
a UI mistake. Use "git stash save random-text", or "git stash"
(without extra args) for that.
* "git stash clear extra-text" does not clear the whole stash
anymore. It is tempting to expect "git stash clear stash@{2}"
to drop only a single named stash entry, and it is rude to
discard everything when that is asked (but not provided).
* "git prune --expire <time>" can exempt young loose objects from
getting pruned.
* "git branch --contains <commit>" can list branches that are
descendants of a given commit.
* "git log" learned --early-output option to help interactive GUI
implementations.
* "git bisect" learned "skip" action to mark untestable commits.
* "git bisect visualize" learned a shorter synonym "git bisect view".
* "git bisect visualize" runs "git log" in a non-windowed
environments. It also can be told what command to run (e.g. "git
bisect visualize tig").
* "git format-patch" learned "format.numbered" configuration variable
to automatically turn --numbered option on when more than one commits
are formatted.
* "git ls-files" learned "--exclude-standard" to use the canned set of
exclude files.
* "git tag -a -f existing" begins the editor session using the existing
annotation message.
* "git tag -m one -m bar" (multiple -m options) behaves similarly to
"git commit"; the parameters to -m options are formatted as separate
paragraphs.
* The format "git show" outputs an annotated tag has been updated to
include "Tagger: " and "Date: " lines from the tag itself. Strictly
speaking this is a backward incompatible change, but this is a
reasonable usability fix and people's scripts shouldn't have been
relying on the exact output from "git show" Porcelain anyway.
* "git cvsimport" did not notice errors from underlying "cvsps"
and produced a corrupt import silently.
* "git cvsexportcommit" learned -w option to specify and switch to the
CVS working directory.
* "git checkout" from a subdirectory learned to use "../path" to allow
checking out a path outside the current directory without cd'ing up.
* "git checkout" from and to detached HEAD leaves a bit more
information in the reflog.
* "git send-email --dry-run" shows full headers for easier diagnosis.
* "git merge-ours" is now built-in.
* "git svn" learned "info" and "show-externals" subcommands.
* "git svn" run from a subdirectory failed to read settings from the
.git/config.
* "git svn" learned --use-log-author option, which picks up more
descriptive name from From: and Signed-off-by: lines in the commit
message.
* "git svn" wasted way too much disk to record revision mappings
between svn and git; a new representation that is much more compact
for this information has been introduced to correct this.
* "git svn" left temporary index files it used without cleaning them
up; this was corrected.
* "git status" from a subdirectory now shows relative paths, which
makes copy-and-pasting for git-checkout/git-add/git-rm easier. The
traditional behavior to show the full path relative to the top of
the work tree can be had by setting status.relativepaths
configuration variable to false.
* "git blame" kept text for each annotated revision in core needlessly;
this has been corrected.
* "git shortlog" learned to default to HEAD when the standard input is
a terminal and the user did not give any revision parameter.
* "git shortlog" learned "-e" option to show e-mail addresses as well as
authors' names.
* "git help" learned "-w" option to show documentation in browsers.
* In addition there are quite a few internal clean-ups. Notably:
- many fork/exec have been replaced with run-command API,
brought from the msysgit effort.
- introduction and more use of the option parser API.
- enhancement and more use of the strbuf API.
* Makefile tweaks to support HP-UX is in.
Fixes since v1.5.3
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.3 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
These fixes are only in v1.5.4 and not backported to v1.5.3 maintenance
series.
* The way "git diff --check" behaves is much more consistent with the way
"git apply --whitespace=warn" works.
* "git svn" talking with the SVN over HTTP will correctly quote branch
and project names.
* "git config" did not work correctly on platforms that define
REG_NOMATCH to an even number.
* Recent versions of AsciiDoc 8 has a change to break our
documentation; a workaround has been implemented.
* "git diff --color-words" colored context lines in a wrong color.

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GIT v1.5.5.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.5
------------------
* "git archive --prefix=$path/" mishandled gitattributes.
* "git fetch -v" that fetches into FETCH_HEAD did not report the summary
the same way as done for updating the tracking refs.
* "git svn" misbehaved when the configuration file customized the "git
log" output format using format.pretty.
* "git submodule status" leaked an unnecessary error message.
* "git log --date-order --topo-order" did not override the earlier
date-order with topo-order as expected.
* "git bisect good $this" did not check the validity of the revision
given properly.
* "url.<there>.insteadOf" did not work correctly.
* "git clean" ran inside subdirectory behaved as if the directory was
explicitly specified for removal by the end user from the top level.
* "git bisect" from a detached head leaked an unnecessary error message.
* "git bisect good $a $b" when $a is Ok but $b is bogus should have
atomically failed before marking $a as good.
* "git fmt-merge-msg" did not clean up leading empty lines from commit
log messages like "git log" family does.
* "git am" recorded a commit with empty Subject: line without
complaining.
* when given a commit log message whose first paragraph consists of
multiple lines, "git rebase" squashed it into a single line.
* "git remote add $bogus_name $url" did not complain properly.
Also comes with various documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.5.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.5.1
--------------------
* "git repack -n" was mistakenly made no-op earlier.
* "git imap-send" wanted to always have imap.host even when use of
imap.tunnel made it unnecessary.
* reflog syntax that uses time e.g. "HEAD@{10 seconds ago}:path" did not
stop parsing at the closing "}".
* "git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name ^master^2" printed solitary "^",
but it should print nothing.
* "git commit" did not detect when it failed to write tree objects.
* "git fetch" sometimes transferred too many objects unnecessarily.
* a path specification "a/b" in .gitattributes file should not match
"sub/a/b".
* various gitweb fixes.
Also comes with various documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.5.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.5.2
--------------------
* "git send-email --compose" did not notice that non-ascii contents
needed some MIME magic.
* "git fast-export" did not export octopus merges correctly.
Also comes with various documentation updates.

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GIT v1.5.5.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.5.4
--------------------
* "git name-rev --all" used to segfault.

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GIT v1.5.5.5 Release Notes
==========================
I personally do not think there is any reason anybody should want to
run v1.5.5.X series these days, because 'master' version is always
more stable than any tagged released version of git.
This is primarily to futureproof "git-shell" to accept requests
without a dash between "git" and subcommand name (e.g. "git
upload-pack") which the newer client will start to make sometime in
the future.

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GIT v1.5.5.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since 1.5.5.5
-------------------
* Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
which would have run an external diff command specified in the
repository configuration as the gitweb user.

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GIT v1.5.5 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.5.4
--------------------
(subsystems)
* Comes with git-gui 0.10.1
(portability)
* We shouldn't ask for BSD group ownership semantics by setting g+s bit
on directories on older BSD systems that refuses chmod() by non root
users. BSD semantics is the default there anyway.
* Bunch of portability improvement patches coming from an effort to port
to Solaris has been applied.
(performance)
* On platforms with suboptimal qsort(3) implementation, there
is an option to use more reasonable substitute we ship with
our software.
* New configuration variable "pack.packsizelimit" can be used
in place of command line option --max-pack-size.
* "git fetch" over the native git protocol used to make a
connection to find out the set of current remote refs and
another to actually download the pack data. We now use only
one connection for these tasks.
* "git commit" does not run lstat(2) more than necessary
anymore.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* Bash completion script (in contrib) are aware of more commands and
options.
* You can be warned when core.autocrlf conversion is applied in
such a way that results in an irreversible conversion.
* A catch-all "color.ui" configuration variable can be used to
enable coloring of all color-capable commands, instead of
individual ones such as "color.status" and "color.branch".
* The commands refused to take absolute pathnames where they
require pathnames relative to the work tree or the current
subdirectory. They now can take absolute pathnames in such a
case as long as the pathnames do not refer outside of the
work tree. E.g. "git add $(pwd)/foo" now works.
* Error messages used to be sent to stderr, only to get hidden,
when $PAGER was in use. They now are sent to stdout along
with the command output to be shown in the $PAGER.
* A pattern "foo/" in .gitignore file now matches a directory
"foo". Pattern "foo" also matches as before.
* bash completion's prompt helper function can talk about
operation in-progress (e.g. merge, rebase, etc.).
* Configuration variables "url.<usethis>.insteadof = <otherurl>" can be
used to tell "git-fetch" and "git-push" to use different URL than what
is given from the command line.
* "git add -i" behaves better even before you make an initial commit.
* "git am" refused to run from a subdirectory without a good reason.
* After "git apply --whitespace=fix" fixes whitespace errors in a patch,
a line before the fix can appear as a context or preimage line in a
later patch, causing the patch not to apply. The command now knows to
see through whitespace fixes done to context lines to successfully
apply such a patch series.
* "git branch" (and "git checkout -b") to branch from a local branch can
optionally set "branch.<name>.merge" to mark the new branch to build on
the other local branch, when "branch.autosetupmerge" is set to
"always", or when passing the command line option "--track" (this option
was ignored when branching from local branches). By default, this does
not happen when branching from a local branch.
* "git checkout" to switch to a branch that has "branch.<name>.merge" set
(i.e. marked to build on another branch) reports how much the branch
and the other branch diverged.
* When "git checkout" has to update a lot of paths, it used to be silent
for 4 seconds before it showed any progress report. It is now a bit
more impatient and starts showing progress report early.
* "git commit" learned a new hook "prepare-commit-msg" that can
inspect what is going to be committed and prepare the commit
log message template to be edited.
* "git cvsimport" can now take more than one -M options.
* "git describe" learned to limit the tags to be used for
naming with --match option.
* "git describe --contains" now barfs when the named commit
cannot be described.
* "git describe --exact-match" describes only commits that are tagged.
* "git describe --long" describes a tagged commit as $tag-0-$sha1,
instead of just showing the exact tagname.
* "git describe" warns when using a tag whose name and path contradict
with each other.
* "git diff" learned "--relative" option to limit and output paths
relative to the current directory when working in a subdirectory.
* "git diff" learned "--dirstat" option to show birds-eye-summary of
changes more concisely than "--diffstat".
* "git format-patch" learned --cover-letter option to generate a cover
letter template.
* "git gc" learned --quiet option.
* "git gc" now automatically prunes unreachable objects that are two
weeks old or older.
* "git gc --auto" can be disabled more easily by just setting gc.auto
to zero. It also tolerates more packfiles by default.
* "git grep" now knows "--name-only" is a synonym for the "-l" option.
* "git help <alias>" now reports "'git <alias>' is alias to <what>",
instead of saying "No manual entry for git-<alias>".
* "git help" can use different backends to show manual pages and this can
be configured using "man.viewer" configuration.
* "gitk" does not restore window position from $HOME/.gitk anymore (it
still restores the size).
* "git log --grep=<what>" learned "--fixed-strings" option to look for
<what> without treating it as a regular expression.
* "git gui" learned an auto-spell checking.
* "git push <somewhere> HEAD" and "git push <somewhere> +HEAD" works as
expected; they push the current branch (and only the current branch).
In addition, HEAD can be written as the value of "remote.<there>.push"
configuration variable.
* When the configuration variable "pack.threads" is set to 0, "git
repack" auto detects the number of CPUs and uses that many threads.
* "git send-email" learned to prompt for passwords
interactively.
* "git send-email" learned an easier way to suppress CC
recipients.
* "git stash" learned "pop" command, that applies the latest stash and
removes it from the stash, and "drop" command to discard the named
stash entry.
* "git submodule" learned a new subcommand "summary" to show the
symmetric difference between the HEAD version and the work tree version
of the submodule commits.
* Various "git cvsimport", "git cvsexportcommit", "git cvsserver",
"git svn" and "git p4" improvements.
(internal)
* Duplicated code between git-help and git-instaweb that
launches user's preferred browser has been refactored.
* It is now easier to write test scripts that records known
breakages.
* "git checkout" is rewritten in C.
* "git remote" is rewritten in C.
* Two conflict hunks that are separated by a very short span of common
lines are now coalesced into one larger hunk, to make the result easier
to read.
* Run-command API's use of file descriptors is documented clearer and
is more consistent now.
* diff output can be sent to FILE * that is different from stdout. This
will help reimplementing more things in C.
Fixes since v1.5.4
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.4 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
* "git-http-push" did not allow deletion of remote ref with the usual
"push <remote> :<branch>" syntax.
* "git-rebase --abort" did not go back to the right location if
"git-reset" was run during the "git-rebase" session.
* "git imap-send" without setting imap.host did not error out but
segfaulted.

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GIT v1.5.6.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.6
------------------
* Last minute change broke loose object creation on AIX.
* (performance fix) We used to make $GIT_DIR absolute path early in the
programs but keeping it relative to the current directory internally
gives 1-3 per-cent performance boost.
* bash completion knows the new --graph option to git-log family.
* git-diff -c/--cc showed unnecessary "deletion" lines at the context
boundary.
* git-for-each-ref ignored %(object) and %(type) requests for tag
objects.
* git-merge usage had a typo.
* Rebuilding of git-svn metainfo database did not take rewriteRoot
option into account.
* Running "git-rebase --continue/--skip/--abort" before starting a
rebase gave nonsense error messages.

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GIT v1.5.6.2 Release Notes
==========================
Futureproof
-----------
* "git-shell" accepts requests without a dash between "git" and
subcommand name (e.g. "git upload-pack") which the newer client will
start to make sometime in the future.
Fixes since v1.5.6.1
--------------------
* "git clone" from a remote that is named with url.insteadOf setting in
$HOME/.gitconfig did not work well.
* "git describe --long --tags" segfaulted when the described revision was
tagged with a lightweight tag.
* "git diff --check" did not report the result via its exit status
reliably.
* When remote side used to have branch 'foo' and git-fetch finds that now
it has branch 'foo/bar', it refuses to lose the existing remote tracking
branch and its reflog. The error message has been improved to suggest
pruning the remote if the user wants to proceed and get the latest set
of branches from the remote, including such 'foo/bar'.
* "git reset file" should mean the same thing as "git reset HEAD file",
but we required disambiguating -- even when "file" is not ambiguous.
* "git show" segfaulted when an annotated tag that points at another
annotated tag was given to it.
* Optimization for a large import via "git-svn" introduced in v1.5.6 had a
serious memory and temporary file leak, which made it unusable for
moderately large import.
* "git-svn" mangled remote nickname used in the configuration file
unnecessarily.

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GIT v1.5.6.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.6.2
--------------------
* Setting core.sharedrepository to traditional "true" value was supposed to make
the repository group writable but should not affect permission for others.
However, since 1.5.6, it was broken to drop permission for others when umask is
022, making the repository unreadable by others.
* Setting GIT_TRACE will report spawning of external process via run_command().
* Using an object with very deep delta chain pinned memory needed for extracting
intermediate base objects unnecessarily long, leading to excess memory usage.
* Bash completion script did not notice '--' marker on the command
line and tried the relatively slow "ref completion" even when
completing arguments after one.
* Registering a non-empty blob racily and then truncating the working
tree file for it confused "racy-git avoidance" logic into thinking
that the path is now unchanged.
* The section that describes attributes related to git-archive were placed
in a wrong place in the gitattributes(5) manual page.
* "git am" was not helpful to the users when it detected that the committer
information is not set up properly yet.
* "git clone" had a leftover debugging fprintf().
* "git clone -q" was not quiet enough as it used to and gave object count
and progress reports.
* "git clone" marked downloaded packfile with .keep; this could be a
good thing if the remote side is well packed but otherwise not,
especially for a project that is not really big.
* "git daemon" used to call syslog() from a signal handler, which
could raise signals of its own but generally is not reentrant. This
was fixed by restructuring the code to report syslog() after the handler
returns.
* When "git push" tries to remove a remote ref, and corresponding
tracking ref is missing, we used to report error (i.e. failure to
remove something that does not exist).
* "git mailinfo" (hence "git am") did not handle commit log messages in a
MIME multipart mail correctly.
Contains other various documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.5.6.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.6.3
--------------------
* Various commands could overflow its internal buffer on a platform
with small PATH_MAX value in a repository that has contents with
long pathnames.
* There wasn't a way to make --pretty=format:%<> specifiers to honor
.mailmap name rewriting for authors and committers. Now you can with
%aN and %cN.
* Bash completion wasted too many cycles; this has been optimized to be
usable again.
* Bash completion lost ref part when completing something like "git show
pu:Makefile".
* "git-cvsserver" did not clean up its temporary working area after annotate
request.
* "git-daemon" called syslog() from its signal handler, which was a
no-no.
* "git-fetch" into an empty repository used to remind that the fetch will
be huge by saying "no common commits", but this was an unnecessary
noise; it is already known by the user anyway.
* "git-http-fetch" would have segfaulted when pack idx file retrieved
from the other side was corrupt.
* "git-index-pack" used too much memory when dealing with a deep delta chain.
* "git-mailinfo" (hence "git-am") did not correctly handle in-body [PATCH]
line to override the commit title taken from the mail Subject header.
* "git-rebase -i -p" lost parents that are not involved in the history
being rewritten.
* "git-rm" lost track of where the index file was when GIT_DIR was
specified as a relative path.
* "git-rev-list --quiet" was not quiet as advertised.
Contains other various documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.5.6.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.5.6.4
--------------------
* "git cvsimport" used to spit out "UNKNOWN LINE..." diagnostics to stdout.
* "git commit -F filename" and "git tag -F filename" run from subdirectories
did not read the right file.
* "git init --template=" with blank "template" parameter linked files
under root directories to .git, which was a total nonsense. Instead, it
means "I do not want to use anything from the template directory".
* "git diff-tree" and other diff plumbing ignored diff.renamelimit configuration
variable when the user explicitly asked for rename detection.
* "git name-rev --name-only" did not work when "--stdin" option was in effect.
* "git show-branch" mishandled its 8th branch.
* Addition of "git update-index --ignore-submodules" that happened during
1.5.6 cycle broke "git update-index --ignore-missing".
* "git send-email" did not parse charset from an existing Content-type:
header properly.
Contains other various documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.5.6.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since 1.5.6.5
-------------------
* Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
which would have run an external diff command specified in the
repository configuration as the gitweb user.

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GIT v1.5.6 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.5.5
--------------------
(subsystems)
* Comes with updated gitk and git-gui.
(portability)
* git will build on AIX better than before now.
* core.ignorecase configuration variable can be used to work better on
filesystems that are not case sensitive.
* "git init" now autodetects the case sensitivity of the filesystem and
sets core.ignorecase accordingly.
* cpio is no longer used; neither "curl" binary (libcurl is still used).
(documentation)
* Many freestanding documentation pages have been converted and made
available to "git help" (aka "man git<something>") as section 7 of
the manual pages. This means bookmarks to some HTML documentation
files may need to be updated (eg "tutorial.html" became
"gittutorial.html").
(performance)
* "git clone" was rewritten in C. This will hopefully help cloning a
repository with insane number of refs.
* "git rebase --onto $there $from $branch" used to switch to the tip of
$branch only to immediately reset back to $from, smudging work tree
files unnecessarily. This has been optimized.
* Object creation codepath in "git-svn" has been optimized by enhancing
plumbing commands git-cat-file and git-hash-object.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* "git add -p" (and the "patch" subcommand of "git add -i") can choose to
apply (or not apply) mode changes independently from contents changes.
* "git bisect help" gives longer and more helpful usage information.
* "git bisect" does not use a special branch "bisect" anymore; instead, it
does its work on a detached HEAD.
* "git branch" (and "git checkout -b") can be told to set up
branch.<name>.rebase automatically, so that later you can say "git pull"
and magically cause "git pull --rebase" to happen.
* "git branch --merged" and "git branch --no-merged" can be used to list
branches that have already been merged (or not yet merged) to the
current branch.
* "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can add a sign-off.
* "git commit" mentions the author identity when you are committing
somebody else's changes.
* "git diff/log --dirstat" output is consistent between binary and textual
changes.
* "git filter-branch" rewrites signed tags by demoting them to annotated.
* "git format-patch --no-binary" can produce a patch that lack binary
changes (i.e. cannot be used to propagate the whole changes) meant only
for reviewing.
* "git init --bare" is a synonym for "git --bare init" now.
* "git gc --auto" honors a new pre-auto-gc hook to temporarily disable it.
* "git log --pretty=tformat:<custom format>" gives a LF after each entry,
instead of giving a LF between each pair of entries which is how
"git log --pretty=format:<custom format>" works.
* "git log" and friends learned the "--graph" option to show the ancestry
graph at the left margin of the output.
* "git log" and friends can be told to use date format that is different
from the default via 'log.date' configuration variable.
* "git send-email" now can send out messages outside a git repository.
* "git send-email --compose" was made aware of rfc2047 quoting.
* "git status" can optionally include output from "git submodule
summary".
* "git svn" learned --add-author-from option to propagate the authorship
by munging the commit log message.
* new object creation and looking up in "git svn" has been optimized.
* "gitweb" can read from a system-wide configuration file.
(internal)
* "git unpack-objects" and "git receive-pack" is now more strict about
detecting breakage in the objects they receive over the wire.
Fixes since v1.5.5
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.5 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
And there are too numerous small fixes to otherwise note here ;-)

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GIT v1.6.0.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.0
------------------
* "git diff --cc" did not honor content mangling specified by
gitattributes and core.autocrlf when reading from the work tree.
* "git diff --check" incorrectly detected new trailing blank lines when
whitespace check was in effect.
* "git for-each-ref" tried to dereference NULL when asked for '%(body)" on
a tag with a single incomplete line as its payload.
* "git format-patch" peeked before the beginning of a string when
"format.headers" variable is empty (a misconfiguration).
* "git help help" did not work correctly.
* "git mailinfo" (hence "git am") was unhappy when MIME multipart message
contained garbage after the finishing boundary.
* "git mailinfo" also was unhappy when the "From: " line only had a bare
e-mail address.
* "git merge" did not refresh the index correctly when a merge resulted in
a fast-forward.
* "git merge" did not resolve a truly trivial merges that can be done
without content level merges.
* "git svn dcommit" to a repository with URL that has embedded usernames
did not work correctly.
Contains other various documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.6.0.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.0.1
--------------------
* Installation on platforms that needs .exe suffix to git-* programs were
broken in 1.6.0.1.
* Installation on filesystems without symbolic links support did not
work well.
* In-tree documentations and test scripts now use "git foo" form to set a
better example, instead of the "git-foo" form (which is an acceptable
form if you have "PATH=$(git --exec-path):$PATH" in your script)
* Many commands did not use the correct working tree location when used
with GIT_WORK_TREE environment settings.
* Some systems need to use compatibility fnmatch and regex libraries
independent from each other; the compat/ area has been reorganized to
allow this.
* "git apply --unidiff-zero" incorrectly applied a -U0 patch that inserts
a new line before the second line.
* "git blame -c" did not exactly work like "git annotate" when range
boundaries are involved.
* "git checkout file" when file is still unmerged checked out contents from
a random high order stage, which was confusing.
* "git clone $there $here/" with extra trailing slashes after explicit
local directory name $here did not work as expected.
* "git diff" on tracked contents with CRLF line endings did not drive "less"
intelligently when showing added or removed lines.
* "git diff --dirstat -M" did not add changes in subdirectories up
correctly for renamed paths.
* "git diff --cumulative" did not imply "--dirstat".
* "git for-each-ref refs/heads/" did not work as expected.
* "git gui" allowed users to feed patch without any context to be applied.
* "git gui" botched parsing "diff" output when a line that begins with two
dashes and a space gets removed or a line that begins with two pluses
and a space gets added.
* "git gui" translation updates and i18n fixes.
* "git index-pack" is more careful against disk corruption while completing
a thin pack.
* "git log -i --grep=pattern" did not ignore case; neither "git log -E
--grep=pattern" triggered extended regexp.
* "git log --pretty="%ad" --date=short" did not use short format when
showing the timestamp.
* "git log --author=author" match incorrectly matched with the
timestamp part of "author " line in commit objects.
* "git log -F --author=author" did not work at all.
* Build procedure for "git shell" that used stub versions of some
functions and globals was not understood by linkers on some platforms.
* "git stash" was fooled by a stat-dirty but otherwise unmodified paths
and refused to work until the user refreshed the index.
* "git svn" was broken on Perl before 5.8 with recent fixes to reduce
use of temporary files.
* "git verify-pack -v" did not work correctly when given more than one
packfile.
Also contains many documentation updates.

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GIT v1.6.0.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.0.2
--------------------
* "git archive --format=zip" did not honor core.autocrlf while
--format=tar did.
* Continuing "git rebase -i" was very confused when the user left modified
files in the working tree while resolving conflicts.
* Continuing "git rebase -i" was also very confused when the user left
some staged changes in the index after "edit".
* "git rebase -i" now honors the pre-rebase hook, just like the
other rebase implementations "git rebase" and "git rebase -m".
* "git rebase -i" incorrectly aborted when there is no commit to replay.
* Behaviour of "git diff --quiet" was inconsistent with "diff --exit-code"
with the output redirected to /dev/null.
* "git diff --no-index" on binary files no longer outputs a bogus
"diff --git" header line.
* "git diff" hunk header patterns with multiple elements separated by LF
were not used correctly.
* Hunk headers in "git diff" default to using extended regular
expressions, fixing some of the internal patterns on non-GNU
platforms.
* New config "diff.*.xfuncname" exposes extended regular expressions
for user specified hunk header patterns.
* "git gc" when ejecting otherwise unreachable objects from packfiles into
loose form leaked memory.
* "git index-pack" was recently broken and mishandled objects added by
thin-pack completion processing under memory pressure.
* "git index-pack" was recently broken and misbehaved when run from inside
.git/objects/pack/ directory.
* "git stash apply sash@{1}" was fixed to error out. Prior versions
would have applied stash@{0} incorrectly.
* "git stash apply" now offers a better suggestion on how to continue
if the working tree is currently dirty.
* "git for-each-ref --format=%(subject)" fixed for commits with no
newline in the message body.
* "git remote" fixed to protect printf from user input.
* "git remote show -v" now displays all URLs of a remote.
* "git checkout -b branch" was confused when branch already existed.
* "git checkout -q" once again suppresses the locally modified file list.
* "git clone -q", "git fetch -q" asks remote side to not send
progress messages, actually making their output quiet.
* Cross-directory renames are no longer used when creating packs. This
allows more graceful behavior on filesystems like sshfs.
* Stale temporary files under $GIT_DIR/objects/pack are now cleaned up
automatically by "git prune".
* "git merge" once again removes directories after the last file has
been removed from it during the merge.
* "git merge" did not allocate enough memory for the structure itself when
enumerating the parents of the resulting commit.
* "git blame -C -C" no longer segfaults while trying to pass blame if
it encounters a submodule reference.
* "git rm" incorrectly claimed that you have local modifications when a
path was merely stat-dirty.
* "git svn" fixed to display an error message when 'set-tree' failed,
instead of a Perl compile error.
* "git submodule" fixed to handle checking out a different commit
than HEAD after initializing the submodule.
* The "git commit" error message when there are still unmerged
files present was clarified to match "git write-tree".
* "git init" was confused when core.bare or core.sharedRepository are set
in system or user global configuration file by mistake. When --bare or
--shared is given from the command line, these now override such
settings made outside the repositories.
* Some segfaults due to uncaught NULL pointers were fixed in multiple
tools such as apply, reset, update-index.
* Solaris builds now default to OLD_ICONV=1 to avoid compile warnings;
Solaris 8 does not define NEEDS_LIBICONV by default.
* "Git.pm" tests relied on unnecessarily more recent version of Perl.
* "gitweb" triggered undef warning on commits without log messages.
* "gitweb" triggered undef warnings on missing trees.
* "gitweb" now removes PATH_INFO from its URLs so users don't have
to manually set the URL in the gitweb configuration.
* Bash completion removed support for legacy "git-fetch", "git-push"
and "git-pull" as these are no longer installed. Dashless form
("git fetch") is still however supported.
Many other documentation updates.

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GIT v1.6.0.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.0.3
--------------------
* 'git add -p' said "No changes" when only binary files were changed.
* 'git archive' did not work correctly in bare repositories.
* 'git checkout -t -b newbranch' when you are on detached HEAD was broken.
* when we refuse to detect renames because there are too many new or
deleted files, 'git diff' did not say how many there are.
* 'git push --mirror' tried and failed to push the stash; there is no
point in sending it to begin with.
* 'git push' did not update the remote tracking reference if the corresponding
ref on the remote end happened to be already up to date.
* 'git pull $there $branch:$current_branch' did not work when you were on
a branch yet to be born.
* when giving up resolving a conflicted merge, 'git reset --hard' failed
to remove new paths from the working tree.
* 'git send-email' had a small fd leak while scanning directory.
* 'git status' incorrectly reported a submodule directory as an untracked
directory.
* 'git svn' used deprecated 'git-foo' form of subcommand invocation.
* 'git update-ref -d' to remove a reference did not honor --no-deref option.
* Plugged small memleaks here and there.
* Also contains many documentation updates.

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GIT v1.6.0.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.0.4
--------------------
* "git checkout" used to crash when your HEAD was pointing at a deleted
branch.
* "git checkout" from an un-checked-out state did not allow switching out
of the current branch.
* "git diff" always allowed GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and --no-ext-diff was no-op for
the command.
* Giving 3 or more tree-ish to "git diff" is supposed to show the combined
diff from second and subsequent trees to the first one, but the order was
screwed up.
* "git fast-export" did not export all tags.
* "git ls-files --with-tree=<tree>" did not work with options other
than -c, most notably with -m.
* "git pack-objects" did not make its best effort to honor --max-pack-size
option when a single first object already busted the given limit and
placed many objects in a single pack.
* "git-p4" fast import frontend was too eager to trigger its keyword expansion
logic, even on a keyword-looking string that does not have closing '$' on the
same line.
* "git push $there" when the remote $there is defined in $GIT_DIR/branches/$there
behaves more like what cg-push from Cogito used to work.
* when giving up resolving a conflicted merge, "git reset --hard" failed
to remove new paths from the working tree.
* "git tag" did not complain when given mutually incompatible set of options.
* The message constructed in the internal editor was discarded when "git
tag -s" failed to sign the message, which was often caused by the user
not configuring GPG correctly.
* "make check" cannot be run without sparse; people may have meant to say
"make test" instead, so suggest that.
* Internal diff machinery had a corner case performance bug that choked on
a large file with many repeated contents.
* "git repack" used to grab objects out of packs marked with .keep
into a new pack.
* Many unsafe call to sprintf() style varargs functions are corrected.
* Also contains quite a few documentation updates.

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GIT v1.6.0.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since 1.6.0.5
-------------------
* "git fsck" had a deep recursion that wasted stack space.
* "git fast-export" and "git fast-import" choked on an old style
annotated tag that lack the tagger information.
* "git mergetool -- file" did not correctly skip "--" marker that
signals the end of options list.
* "git show $tag" segfaulted when an annotated $tag pointed at a
nonexistent object.
* "git show 2>error" when the standard output is automatically redirected
to the pager redirected the standard error to the pager as well; there
was no need to.
* "git send-email" did not correctly handle list of addresses when
they had quoted comma (e.g. "Lastname, Givenname" <mail@addre.ss>).
* Logic to discover branch ancestry in "git svn" was unreliable when
the process to fetch history was interrupted.
* Removed support for an obsolete gitweb request URI, whose
implementation ran "git diff" Porcelain, instead of using plumbing,
which would have run an external diff command specified in the
repository configuration as the gitweb user.
Also contains numerous documentation typofixes.

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GIT v1.6.0 Release Notes
========================
User visible changes
--------------------
With the default Makefile settings, most of the programs are now
installed outside your $PATH, except for "git", "gitk" and
some server side programs that need to be accessible for technical
reasons. Invoking a git subcommand as "git-xyzzy" from the command
line has been deprecated since early 2006 (and officially announced in
1.5.4 release notes); use of them from your scripts after adding
output from "git --exec-path" to the $PATH is still supported in this
release, but users are again strongly encouraged to adjust their
scripts to use "git xyzzy" form, as we will stop installing
"git-xyzzy" hardlinks for built-in commands in later releases.
An earlier change to page "git status" output was overwhelmingly unpopular
and has been reverted.
Source changes needed for porting to MinGW environment are now all in the
main git.git codebase.
By default, packfiles created with this version uses delta-base-offset
encoding introduced in v1.4.4. Pack idx files are using version 2 that
allows larger packs and added robustness thanks to its CRC checking,
introduced in v1.5.2 and v1.4.4.5. If you want to keep your repositories
backwards compatible past these versions, set repack.useDeltaBaseOffset
to false or pack.indexVersion to 1, respectively.
We used to prevent sample hook scripts shipped in templates/ from
triggering by default by relying on the fact that we install them as
unexecutable, but on some filesystems, this approach does not work.
They are now shipped with ".sample" suffix. If you want to activate
any of these samples as-is, rename them to drop the ".sample" suffix,
instead of running "chmod +x" on them. For example, you can rename
hooks/post-update.sample to hooks/post-update to enable the sample
hook that runs update-server-info, in order to make repositories
friendly to dumb protocols (i.e. HTTP).
GIT_CONFIG, which was only documented as affecting "git config", but
actually affected all git commands, now only affects "git config".
GIT_LOCAL_CONFIG, also only documented as affecting "git config" and
not different from GIT_CONFIG in a useful way, is removed.
The ".dotest" temporary area "git am" and "git rebase" use is now moved
inside the $GIT_DIR, to avoid mistakes of adding it to the project by
accident.
An ancient merge strategy "stupid" has been removed.
Updates since v1.5.6
--------------------
(subsystems)
* git-p4 in contrib learned "allowSubmit" configuration to control on
which branch to allow "submit" subcommand.
* git-gui learned to stage changes per-line.
(portability)
* Changes for MinGW port have been merged, thanks to Johannes Sixt and
gangs.
* Sample hook scripts shipped in templates/ are now suffixed with
*.sample.
* perl's in-place edit (-i) does not work well without backup files on Windows;
some tests are rewritten to cope with this.
(documentation)
* Updated howto/update-hook-example
* Got rid of usage of "git-foo" from the tutorial and made typography
more consistent.
* Disambiguating "--" between revs and paths is finally documented.
(performance, robustness, sanity etc.)
* index-pack used too much memory when dealing with a deep delta chain.
This has been optimized.
* reduced excessive inlining to shrink size of the "git" binary.
* verify-pack checks the object CRC when using version 2 idx files.
* When an object is corrupt in a pack, the object became unusable even
when the same object is available in a loose form, We now try harder to
fall back to these redundant objects when able. In particular, "git
repack -a -f" can be used to fix such a corruption as long as necessary
objects are available.
* Performance of "git-blame -C -C" operation is vastly improved.
* git-clone does not create refs in loose form anymore (it behaves as
if you immediately ran git-pack-refs after cloning). This will help
repositories with insanely large number of refs.
* core.fsyncobjectfiles configuration can be used to ensure that the loose
objects created will be fsync'ed (this is only useful on filesystems
that does not order data writes properly).
* "git commit-tree" plumbing can make Octopus with more than 16 parents.
"git commit" has been capable of this for quite some time.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* even more documentation pages are now accessible via "man" and "git help".
* A new environment variable GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES can be used to stop
the discovery process of the toplevel of working tree; this may be useful
when you are working in a slow network disk and are outside any working tree,
as bash-completion and "git help" may still need to run in these places.
* By default, stash entries never expire. Set reflogexpire in [gc
"refs/stash"] to a reasonable value to get traditional auto-expiration
behaviour back
* Longstanding latency issue with bash completion script has been
addressed. This will need to be backmerged to 'maint' later.
* pager.<cmd> configuration variable can be used to enable/disable the
default paging behaviour per command.
* "git-add -i" has a new action 'e/dit' to allow you edit the patch hunk
manually.
* git-am records the original tip of the branch in ORIG_HEAD before it
starts applying patches.
* git-apply can handle a patch that touches the same path more than once
much better than before.
* git-apply can be told not to trust the line counts recorded in the input
patch but recount, with the new --recount option.
* git-apply can be told to apply a patch to a path deeper than what the
patch records with --directory option.
* git-archive can be told to omit certain paths from its output using
export-ignore attributes.
* git-archive uses the zlib default compression level when creating
zip archive.
* git-archive's command line options --exec and --remote can take their
parameters as separate command line arguments, similar to other commands.
IOW, both "--exec=path" and "--exec path" are now supported.
* With -v option, git-branch describes the remote tracking statistics
similar to the way git-checkout reports by how many commits your branch
is ahead/behind.
* git-branch's --contains option used to always require a commit parameter
to limit the branches with; it now defaults to list branches that
contains HEAD if this parameter is omitted.
* git-branch's --merged and --no-merged option used to always limit the
branches relative to the HEAD, but they can now take an optional commit
argument that is used in place of HEAD.
* git-bundle can read the revision arguments from the standard input.
* git-cherry-pick can replay a root commit now.
* git-clone can clone from a remote whose URL would be rewritten by
configuration stored in $HOME/.gitconfig now.
* "git-clone --mirror" is a handy way to set up a bare mirror repository.
* git-cvsserver learned to respond to "cvs co -c".
* git-diff --check now checks leftover merge conflict markers.
* "git-diff -p" learned to grab a better hunk header lines in
BibTex, Pascal/Delphi, and Ruby files and also pays attention to
chapter and part boundary in TeX documents.
* When remote side used to have branch 'foo' and git-fetch finds that now
it has branch 'foo/bar', it refuses to lose the existing remote tracking
branch and its reflog. The error message has been improved to suggest
pruning the remote if the user wants to proceed and get the latest set
of branches from the remote, including such 'foo/bar'.
* fast-export learned to export and import marks file; this can be used to
interface with fast-import incrementally.
* fast-import and fast-export learned to export and import gitlinks.
* "gitk" left background process behind after being asked to dig very deep
history and the user killed the UI; the process is killed when the UI goes
away now.
* git-rebase records the original tip of branch in ORIG_HEAD before it is
rewound.
* "git rerere" can be told to update the index with auto-reused resolution
with rerere.autoupdate configuration variable.
* git-rev-parse learned $commit^! and $commit^@ notations used in "log"
family. These notations are available in gitk as well, because the gitk
command internally uses rev-parse to interpret its arguments.
* git-rev-list learned --children option to show child commits it
encountered during the traversal, instead of showing parent commits.
* git-send-mail can talk not just over SSL but over TLS now.
* git-shortlog honors custom output format specified with "--pretty=format:".
* "git-stash save" learned --keep-index option. This lets you stash away the
local changes and bring the changes staged in the index to your working
tree for examination and testing.
* git-stash also learned branch subcommand to create a new branch out of
stashed changes.
* git-status gives the remote tracking statistics similar to the way
git-checkout reports by how many commits your branch is ahead/behind.
* "git-svn dcommit" is now aware of auto-props setting the subversion user
has.
* You can tell "git status -u" to even more aggressively omit checking
untracked files with --untracked-files=no.
* Original SHA-1 value for "update-ref -d" is optional now.
* Error codes from gitweb are made more descriptive where possible, rather
than "403 forbidden" as we used to issue everywhere.
(internal)
* git-merge has been reimplemented in C.
Fixes since v1.5.6
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.5.6 maintenance series are included in
this release, unless otherwise noted.
* git-clone ignored its -u option; the fix needs to be backported to
'maint';
* git-mv used to lose the distinction between changes that are staged
and that are only in the working tree, by staging both in the index
after moving such a path.
* "git-rebase -i -p" rewrote the parents to wrong ones when amending
(either edit or squash) was involved, and did not work correctly
when fast forwarding.

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GIT v1.6.1.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.1
------------------
* "git add frotz/nitfol" when "frotz" is a submodule should have errored
out, but it didn't.
* "git apply" took file modes from the patch text and updated the mode
bits of the target tree even when the patch was not about mode changes.
* "git bisect view" on Cygwin did not launch gitk
* "git checkout $tree" did not trigger an error.
* "git commit" tried to remove COMMIT_EDITMSG from the work tree by mistake.
* "git describe --all" complained when a commit is described with a tag,
which was nonsense.
* "git diff --no-index --" did not trigger no-index (aka "use git-diff as
a replacement of diff on untracked files") behaviour.
* "git format-patch -1 HEAD" on a root commit failed to produce patch
text.
* "git fsck branch" did not work as advertised; instead it behaved the same
way as "git fsck".
* "git log --pretty=format:%s" did not handle a multi-line subject the
same way as built-in log listers (i.e. shortlog, --pretty=oneline, etc.)
* "git daemon", and "git merge-file" are more careful when freopen fails
and barf, instead of going on and writing to unopened filehandle.
* "git http-push" did not like some RFC 4918 compliant DAV server
responses.
* "git merge -s recursive" mistakenly overwritten an untracked file in the
work tree upon delete/modify conflict.
* "git merge -s recursive" didn't leave the index unmerged for entries with
rename/delete conflicts.
* "git merge -s recursive" clobbered untracked files in the work tree.
* "git mv -k" with more than one erroneous paths misbehaved.
* "git read-tree -m -u" hence branch switching incorrectly lost a
subdirectory in rare cases.
* "git rebase -i" issued an unnecessary error message upon a user error of
marking the first commit to be "squash"ed.
* "git shortlog" did not format a commit message with multi-line
subject correctly.
Many documentation updates.

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GIT v1.6.1.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.1.1
--------------------
* The logic for rename detection in internal diff used by commands like
"git diff" and "git blame" has been optimized to avoid loading the same
blob repeatedly.
* We did not allow writing out a blob that is larger than 2GB for no good
reason.
* "git format-patch -o $dir", when $dir is a relative directory, used it
as relative to the root of the work tree, not relative to the current
directory.
* v1.6.1 introduced an optimization for "git push" into a repository (A)
that borrows its objects from another repository (B) to avoid sending
objects that are available in repository B, when they are not yet used
by repository A. However the code on the "git push" sender side was
buggy and did not work when repository B had new objects that are not
known by the sender. This caused pushing into a "forked" repository
served by v1.6.1 software using "git push" from v1.6.1 sometimes did not
work. The bug was purely on the "git push" sender side, and has been
corrected.
* "git status -v" did not paint its diff output in colour even when
color.ui configuration was set.
* "git ls-tree" learned --full-tree option to help Porcelain scripts that
want to always see the full path regardless of the current working
directory.
* "git grep" incorrectly searched in work tree paths even when they are
marked as assume-unchanged. It now searches in the index entries.
* "git gc" with no grace period needlessly ejected packed but unreachable
objects in their loose form, only to delete them right away.

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GIT v1.6.1.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.1.2
--------------------
* "git diff --binary | git apply" pipeline did not work well when
a binary blob is changed to a symbolic link.
* Some combinations of -b/-w/--ignore-space-at-eol to "git diff" did
not work as expected.
* "git grep" did not pass the -I (ignore binary) option when
calling out an external grep program.
* "git log" and friends include HEAD to the set of starting points
when --all is given. This makes a difference when you are not
on any branch.
* "git mv" to move an untracked file to overwrite a tracked
contents misbehaved.
* "git merge -s octopus" with many potential merge bases did not
work correctly.
* RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place.
Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.

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GIT v1.6.1.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.1.3
--------------------
* .gitignore learned to handle backslash as a quoting mechanism for
comment introduction character "#".
This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.1.
* "git fast-export" produced wrong output with some parents missing from
commits, when the history is clock-skewed.
* "git fast-import" sometimes failed to read back objects it just wrote
out and aborted, because it failed to flush stale cached data.
* "git-ls-tree" and "git-diff-tree" used a pathspec correctly when
deciding to descend into a subdirectory but they did not match the
individual paths correctly. This caused pathspecs "abc/d ab" to match
"abc/0" ("abc/d" made them decide to descend into the directory "abc/",
and then "ab" incorrectly matched "abc/0" when it shouldn't).
This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
* import-zips script (in contrib) did not compute the common directory
prefix correctly.
This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.2.
* "git init" segfaulted when given an overlong template location via
the --template= option.
This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.4.
* "git repack" did not error out when necessary object was missing in the
repository.
* git-repack (invoked from git-gc) did not work as nicely as it should in
a repository that borrows objects from neighbours via alternates
mechanism especially when some packs are marked with the ".keep" flag
to prevent them from being repacked.
This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.

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GIT v1.6.1 Release Notes
========================
Updates since v1.6.0
--------------------
When some commands (e.g. "git log", "git diff") spawn pager internally, we
used to make the pager the parent process of the git command that produces
output. This meant that the exit status of the whole thing comes from the
pager, not the underlying git command. We swapped the order of the
processes around and you will see the exit code from the command from now
on.
(subsystems)
* gitk can call out to git-gui to view "git blame" output; git-gui in turn
can run gitk from its blame view.
* Various git-gui updates including updated translations.
* Various gitweb updates from repo.or.cz installation.
* Updates to emacs bindings.
(portability)
* A few test scripts used nonportable "grep" that did not work well on
some platforms, e.g. Solaris.
* Sample pre-auto-gc script has OS X support.
* Makefile has support for (ancient) FreeBSD 4.9.
(performance)
* Many operations that are lstat(3) heavy can be told to pre-execute
necessary lstat(3) in parallel before their main operations, which
potentially gives much improved performance for cold-cache cases or in
environments with weak metadata caching (e.g. NFS).
* The underlying diff machinery to produce textual output has been
optimized, which would result in faster "git blame" processing.
* Most of the test scripts (but not the ones that try to run servers)
can be run in parallel.
* Bash completion of refnames in a repository with massive number of
refs has been optimized.
* Cygwin port uses native stat/lstat implementations when applicable,
which leads to improved performance.
* "git push" pays attention to alternate repositories to avoid sending
unnecessary objects.
* "git svn" can rebuild an out-of-date rev_map file.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* When you mistype a command name, git helpfully suggests what it guesses
you might have meant to say. help.autocorrect configuration can be set
to a non-zero value to accept the suggestion when git can uniquely
guess.
* The packfile machinery hopefully is more robust when dealing with
corrupt packs if redundant objects involved in the corruption are
available elsewhere.
* "git add -N path..." adds the named paths as an empty blob, so that
subsequent "git diff" will show a diff as if they are creation events.
* "git add" gained a built-in synonym for people who want to say "stage
changes" instead of "add contents to the staging area" which amounts
to the same thing.
* "git apply" learned --include=paths option, similar to the existing
--exclude=paths option.
* "git bisect" is careful about a user mistake and suggests testing of
merge base first when good is not a strict ancestor of bad.
* "git bisect skip" can take a range of commits.
* "git blame" re-encodes the commit metainfo to UTF-8 from i18n.commitEncoding
by default.
* "git check-attr --stdin" can check attributes for multiple paths.
* "git checkout --track origin/hack" used to be a syntax error. It now
DWIMs to create a corresponding local branch "hack", i.e. acts as if you
said "git checkout --track -b hack origin/hack".
* "git checkout --ours/--theirs" can be used to check out one side of a
conflicting merge during conflict resolution.
* "git checkout -m" can be used to recreate the initial conflicted state
during conflict resolution.
* "git cherry-pick" can also utilize rerere for conflict resolution.
* "git clone" learned to be verbose with -v
* "git commit --author=$name" can look up author name from existing
commits.
* output from "git commit" has been reworded in a more concise and yet
more informative way.
* "git count-objects" reports the on-disk footprint for packfiles and
their corresponding idx files.
* "git daemon" learned --max-connections=<count> option.
* "git daemon" exports REMOTE_ADDR to record client address, so that
spawned programs can act differently on it.
* "git describe --tags" favours closer lightweight tags than farther
annotated tags now.
* "git diff" learned to mimic --suppress-blank-empty from GNU diff via a
configuration option.
* "git diff" learned to put more sensible hunk headers for Python,
HTML and ObjC contents.
* "git diff" learned to vary the a/ vs b/ prefix depending on what are
being compared, controlled by diff.mnemonicprefix configuration.
* "git diff" learned --dirstat-by-file to count changed files, not number
of lines, when summarizing the global picture.
* "git diff" learned "textconv" filters --- a binary or hard-to-read
contents can be munged into human readable form and the difference
between the results of the conversion can be viewed (obviously this
cannot produce a patch that can be applied, so this is disabled in
format-patch among other things).
* "--cached" option to "git diff has an easier to remember synonym "--staged",
to ask "what is the difference between the given commit and the
contents staged in the index?"
* "git for-each-ref" learned "refname:short" token that gives an
unambiguously abbreviated refname.
* Auto-numbering of the subject lines is the default for "git
format-patch" now.
* "git grep" learned to accept -z similar to GNU grep.
* "git help" learned to use GIT_MAN_VIEWER environment variable before
using "man" program.
* "git imap-send" can optionally talk SSL.
* "git index-pack" is more careful against disk corruption while
completing a thin pack.
* "git log --check" and "git log --exit-code" passes their underlying diff
status with their exit status code.
* "git log" learned --simplify-merges, a milder variant of --full-history;
"gitk --simplify-merges" is easier to view than with --full-history.
* "git log" learned "--source" to show what ref each commit was reached
from.
* "git log" also learned "--simplify-by-decoration" to show the
birds-eye-view of the topology of the history.
* "git log --pretty=format:" learned "%d" format element that inserts
names of tags that point at the commit.
* "git merge --squash" and "git merge --no-ff" into an unborn branch are
noticed as user errors.
* "git merge -s $strategy" can use a custom built strategy if you have a
command "git-merge-$strategy" on your $PATH.
* "git pull" (and "git fetch") can be told to operate "-v"erbosely or
"-q"uietly.
* "git push" can be told to reject deletion of refs with receive.denyDeletes
configuration.
* "git rebase" honours pre-rebase hook; use --no-verify to bypass it.
* "git rebase -p" uses interactive rebase machinery now to preserve the merges.
* "git reflog expire branch" can be used in place of "git reflog expire
refs/heads/branch".
* "git remote show $remote" lists remote branches one-per-line now.
* "git send-email" can be given revision range instead of files and
maildirs on the command line, and automatically runs format-patch to
generate patches for the given revision range.
* "git submodule foreach" subcommand allows you to iterate over checked
out submodules.
* "git submodule sync" subcommands allows you to update the origin URL
recorded in submodule directories from the toplevel .gitmodules file.
* "git svn branch" can create new branches on the other end.
* "gitweb" can use more saner PATH_INFO based URL.
(internal)
* "git hash-object" learned to lie about the path being hashed, so that
correct gitattributes processing can be done while hashing contents
stored in a temporary file.
* various callers of git-merge-recursive avoid forking it as an external
process.
* Git class defined in "Git.pm" can be subclasses a bit more easily.
* We used to link GNU regex library as a compatibility layer for some
platforms, but it turns out it is not necessary on most of them.
* Some path handling routines used fixed number of buffers used alternately
but depending on the call depth, this arrangement led to hard to track
bugs. This issue is being addressed.
Fixes since v1.6.0
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.0.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.
* Porcelains implemented as shell scripts were utterly confused when you
entered to a subdirectory of a work tree from sideways, following a
symbolic link (this may need to be backported to older releases later).
* Tracking symbolic links would work better on filesystems whose lstat()
returns incorrect st_size value for them.
* "git add" and "git update-index" incorrectly allowed adding S/F when S
is a tracked symlink that points at a directory D that has a path F in
it (we still need to fix a similar nonsense when S is a submodule and F
is a path in it).
* "git am" after stopping at a broken patch lost --whitespace, -C, -p and
--3way options given from the command line initially.
* "git diff --stdin" used to take two trees on a line and compared them,
but we dropped support for such a use case long time ago. This has
been resurrected.
* "git filter-branch" failed to rewrite a tag name with slashes in it.
* "git http-push" did not understand URI scheme other than opaquelocktoken
when acquiring a lock from the server (this may need to be backported to
older releases later).
* After "git rebase -p" stopped with conflicts while replaying a merge,
"git rebase --continue" did not work (may need to be backported to older
releases).
* "git revert" records relative to which parent a revert was made when
reverting a merge. Together with new documentation that explains issues
around reverting a merge and merging from the updated branch later, this
hopefully will reduce user confusion (this may need to be backported to
older releases later).
* "git rm --cached" used to allow an empty blob that was added earlier to
be removed without --force, even when the file in the work tree has
since been modified.
* "git push --tags --all $there" failed with generic usage message without
telling saying these two options are incompatible.
* "git log --author/--committer" match used to potentially match the
timestamp part, exposing internal implementation detail. Also these did
not work with --fixed-strings match at all.
* "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments
correctly.

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GIT v1.6.2.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.2
------------------
* .gitignore learned to handle backslash as a quoting mechanism for
comment introduction character "#".
* timestamp output in --date=relative mode used to display timestamps that
are long time ago in the default mode; it now uses "N years M months
ago", and "N years ago".
* git-add -i/-p now works with non-ASCII pathnames.
* "git hash-object -w" did not read from the configuration file from the
correct .git directory.
* git-send-email learned to correctly handle multiple Cc: addresses.

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GIT v1.6.2.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.2.1
--------------------
* A longstanding confusing description of what --pickaxe option of
git-diff does has been clarified in the documentation.
* "git-blame -S" did not quite work near the commits that were given
on the command line correctly.
* "git diff --pickaxe-regexp" did not count overlapping matches
correctly.
* "git diff" did not feed files in work-tree representation to external
diff and textconv.
* "git-fetch" in a repository that was not cloned from anywhere said
it cannot find 'origin', which was hard to understand for new people.
* "git-format-patch --numbered-files --stdout" did not have to die of
incompatible options; it now simply ignores --numbered-files as no files
are produced anyway.
* "git-ls-files --deleted" did not work well with GIT_DIR&GIT_WORK_TREE.
* "git-read-tree A B C..." without -m option has been broken for a long
time.
* git-send-email ignored --in-reply-to when --no-thread was given.
* 'git-submodule add' did not tolerate extra slashes and ./ in the path it
accepted from the command line; it now is more lenient.
* git-svn misbehaved when the project contained a path that began with
two dashes.
* import-zips script (in contrib) did not compute the common directory
prefix correctly.
* miscompilation of negated enum constants by old gcc (2.9) affected the
codepaths to spawn subprocesses.
Many small documentation updates are included as well.

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GIT v1.6.2.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.2.2
--------------------
* Setting an octal mode value to core.sharedrepository configuration to
restrict access to the repository to group members did not work as
advertised.
* A fairly large and trivial memory leak while rev-list shows list of
reachable objects has been identified and plugged.
* "git-commit --interactive" did not abort when underlying "git-add -i"
signaled a failure.
* git-repack (invoked from git-gc) did not work as nicely as it should in
a repository that borrows objects from neighbours via alternates
mechanism especially when some packs are marked with the ".keep" flag
to prevent them from being repacked.
Many small documentation updates are included as well.

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GIT v1.6.2.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.2.3
--------------------
* The configuration parser had a buffer overflow while parsing an overlong
value.
* pruning reflog entries that are unreachable from the tip of the ref
during "git reflog prune" (hence "git gc") was very inefficient.
* "git-add -p" lacked a way to say "q"uit to refuse staging any hunks for
the remaining paths. You had to say "d" and then ^C.
* "git-checkout <tree-ish> <submodule>" did not update the index entry at
the named path; it now does.
* "git-fast-export" choked when seeing a tag that does not point at commit.
* "git init" segfaulted when given an overlong template location via
the --template= option.
* "git-ls-tree" and "git-diff-tree" used a pathspec correctly when
deciding to descend into a subdirectory but they did not match the
individual paths correctly. This caused pathspecs "abc/d ab" to match
"abc/0" ("abc/d" made them decide to descend into the directory "abc/",
and then "ab" incorrectly matched "abc/0" when it shouldn't).
* "git-merge-recursive" was broken when a submodule entry was involved in
a criss-cross merge situation.
Many small documentation updates are included as well.
---
exec >/var/tmp/1
echo O=$(git describe maint)
O=v1.6.2.3-38-g318b847
git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint

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GIT v1.6.2.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.2.4
--------------------
* "git apply" mishandled if you fed a git generated patch that renames
file A to B and file B to A at the same time.
* "git diff -c -p" (and "diff --cc") did not expect to see submodule
differences and instead refused to work.
* "git grep -e '('" segfaulted, instead of diagnosing a mismatched
parentheses error.
* "git fetch" generated packs with offset-delta encoding when both ends of
the connection are capable of producing one; this cannot be read by
ancient git and the user should be able to disable this by setting
repack.usedeltabaseoffset configuration to false.

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GIT v1.6.2 Release Notes
========================
With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
currently checked out will be refused by default. You can choose
what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
push running this release will issue a big warning when the
configuration variable is missing. Please refer to:
https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitFaq.html#non-bare
https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
transition plan.
For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning. You can choose what
should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
Updates since v1.6.1
--------------------
(subsystems)
* git-svn updates.
* gitweb updates, including a new patch view and RSS/Atom feed
improvements.
* (contrib/emacs) git.el now has commands for checking out a branch,
creating a branch, cherry-picking and reverting commits; vc-git.el
is not shipped with git anymore (it is part of official Emacs).
(performance)
* pack-objects autodetects the number of CPUs available and uses threaded
version.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* automatic typo correction works on aliases as well
* @{-1} is a way to refer to the last branch you were on. This is
accepted not only where an object name is expected, but anywhere
a branch name is expected and acts as if you typed the branch name.
E.g. "git branch --track mybranch @{-1}", "git merge @{-1}", and
"git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{-1}" would work as expected.
* When refs/remotes/origin/HEAD points at a remote tracking branch that
has been pruned away, many git operations issued warning when they
internally enumerated the refs. We now warn only when you say "origin"
to refer to that pruned branch.
* The location of .mailmap file can be configured, and its file format was
enhanced to allow mapping an incorrect e-mail field as well.
* "git add -p" learned 'g'oto action to jump directly to a hunk.
* "git add -p" learned to find a hunk with given text with '/'.
* "git add -p" optionally can be told to work with just the command letter
without Enter.
* when "git am" stops upon a patch that does not apply, it shows the
title of the offending patch.
* "git am --directory=<dir>" and "git am --reject" passes these options
to underlying "git apply".
* "git am" learned --ignore-date option.
* "git blame" aligns author names better when they are spelled in
non US-ASCII encoding.
* "git clone" now makes its best effort when cloning from an empty
repository to set up configuration variables to refer to the remote
repository.
* "git checkout -" is a shorthand for "git checkout @{-1}".
* "git cherry" defaults to whatever the current branch is tracking (if
exists) when the <upstream> argument is not given.
* "git cvsserver" can be told not to add extra "via git-CVS emulator" to
the commit log message it serves via gitcvs.commitmsgannotation
configuration.
* "git cvsserver" learned to handle 'noop' command some CVS clients seem
to expect to work.
* "git diff" learned a new option --inter-hunk-context to coalesce close
hunks together and show context between them.
* The definition of what constitutes a word for "git diff --color-words"
can be customized via gitattributes, command line or a configuration.
* "git diff" learned --patience to run "patience diff" algorithm.
* "git filter-branch" learned --prune-empty option that discards commits
that do not change the contents.
* "git fsck" now checks loose objects in alternate object stores, instead
of misreporting them as missing.
* "git gc --prune" was resurrected to allow "git gc --no-prune" and
giving non-default expiration period e.g. "git gc --prune=now".
* "git grep -w" and "git grep" for fixed strings have been optimized.
* "git mergetool" learned -y(--no-prompt) option to disable prompting.
* "git rebase -i" can transplant a history down to root to elsewhere
with --root option.
* "git reset --merge" is a new mode that works similar to the way
"git checkout" switches branches, taking the local changes while
switching to another commit.
* "git submodule update" learned --no-fetch option.
* "git tag" learned --contains that works the same way as the same option
from "git branch".
Fixes since v1.6.1
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.1.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.
Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
v1.6.1.X series.
* "git-add sub/file" when sub is a submodule incorrectly added the path to
the superproject.
* "git bundle" did not exclude annotated tags even when a range given
from the command line wanted to.
* "git filter-branch" unnecessarily refused to work when you had
checked out a different commit from what is recorded in the superproject
index in a submodule.
* "git filter-branch" incorrectly tried to update a nonexistent work tree
at the end when it is run in a bare repository.
* "git gc" did not work if your repository was created with an ancient git
and never had any pack files in it before.
* "git mergetool" used to ignore autocrlf and other attributes
based content rewriting.
* branch switching and merges had a silly bug that did not validate
the correct directory when making sure an existing subdirectory is
clean.
* "git -p cmd" when cmd is not a built-in one left the display in funny state
when killed in the middle.

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GIT v1.6.3.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.3
------------------
* "git checkout -b new-branch" with a staged change in the index
incorrectly primed the in-index cache-tree, resulting a wrong tree
object to be written out of the index. This is a grave regression
since the last 1.6.2.X maintenance release.

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GIT v1.6.3.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.3.1
--------------------
* A few codepaths picked up the first few bytes from an sha1[] by
casting the (char *) pointer to (int *); GCC 4.4 did not like this,
and aborted compilation.
* Some unlink(2) failures went undiagnosed.
* The "recursive" merge strategy misbehaved when faced rename/delete
conflicts while coming up with an intermediate merge base.
* The low-level merge algorithm did not handle a degenerate case of
merging a file with itself using itself as the common ancestor
gracefully. It should produce the file itself, but instead
produced an empty result.
* GIT_TRACE mechanism segfaulted when tracing a shell-quoted aliases.
* OpenBSD also uses st_ctimspec in "struct stat", instead of "st_ctim".
* With NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS, "make install" can be told not to
create hardlinks between $(gitexecdir)/git-$builtin_commands and
$(bindir)/git.
* command completion code in bash did not reliably detect that we are
in a bare repository.
* "git add ." in an empty directory complained that pathspec "." did not
match anything, which may be technically correct, but not useful. We
silently make it a no-op now.
* "git add -p" (and "patch" action in "git add -i") was broken when
the first hunk that adds a line at the top was split into two and
both halves are marked to be used.
* "git blame path" misbehaved at the commit where path became file
from a directory with some files in it.
* "git for-each-ref" had a segfaulting bug when dealing with a tag object
created by an ancient git.
* "git format-patch -k" still added patch numbers if format.numbered
configuration was set.
* "git grep --color ''" did not terminate. The command also had
subtle bugs with its -w option.
* http-push had a small use-after-free bug.
* "git push" was converting OFS_DELTA pack representation into less
efficient REF_DELTA representation unconditionally upon transfer,
making the transferred data unnecessarily larger.
* "git remote show origin" segfaulted when origin was still empty.
Many other general usability updates around help text, diagnostic messages
and documentation are included as well.

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GIT v1.6.3.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.3.2
--------------------
* "git archive" running on Cygwin can get stuck in an infinite loop.
* "git daemon" did not correctly parse the initial line that carries
virtual host request information.
* "git diff --textconv" leaked memory badly when the textconv filter
errored out.
* The built-in regular expressions to pick function names to put on
hunk header lines for java and objc were very inefficiently written.
* in certain error situations git-fetch (and git-clone) on Windows didn't
detect connection abort and ended up waiting indefinitely.
* import-tars script (in contrib) did not import symbolic links correctly.
* http.c used CURLOPT_SSLKEY even on libcURL version 7.9.2, even though
it was only available starting 7.9.3.
* low-level filelevel merge driver used return value from strdup()
without checking if we ran out of memory.
* "git rebase -i" left stray closing parenthesis in its reflog message.
* "git remote show" did not show all the URLs associated with the named
remote, even though "git remote -v" did. Made them consistent by
making the former show all URLs.
* "whitespace" attribute that is set was meant to detect all errors known
to git, but it told git to ignore trailing carriage-returns.
Includes other documentation fixes.

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GIT v1.6.3.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.3.3
--------------------
* "git add --no-ignore-errors" did not override configured
add.ignore-errors configuration.
* "git apply --whitespace=fix" did not fix trailing whitespace on an
incomplete line.
* "git branch" opened too many commit objects unnecessarily.
* "git checkout -f $commit" with a path that is a file (or a symlink) in
the work tree to a commit that has a directory at the path issued an
unnecessary error message.
* "git diff -c/--cc" was very inefficient in coalescing the removed lines
shared between parents.
* "git diff -c/--cc" showed removed lines at the beginning of a file
incorrectly.
* "git remote show nickname" did not honor configured
remote.nickname.uploadpack when inspecting the branches at the remote.
* "git request-pull" when talking to the terminal for a preview
showed some of the output in the pager.
* "git request-pull start nickname [end]" did not honor configured
remote.nickname.uploadpack when it ran git-ls-remote against the remote
repository to learn the current tip of branches.
Includes other documentation updates and minor fixes.

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GIT v1.6.3 Release Notes
========================
With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
currently checked out will be refused by default. You can choose
what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
push running this release will issue a big warning when the
configuration variable is missing. Please refer to:
https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitFaq.html#non-bare
https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
transition plan.
For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning. You can choose what
should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
When the user does not tell "git push" what to push, it has always
pushed matching refs. For some people it is unexpected, and a new
configuration variable push.default has been introduced to allow
changing a different default behaviour. To advertise the new feature,
a big warning is issued if this is not configured and a git push without
arguments is attempted.
Updates since v1.6.2
--------------------
(subsystems)
* various git-svn updates.
* git-gui updates, including an update to Russian translation, and a
fix to an infinite loop when showing an empty diff.
* gitk updates, including an update to Russian translation and improved Windows
support.
(performance)
* many uses of lstat(2) in the codepath for "git checkout" have been
optimized out.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* Boolean configuration variable yes/no can be written as on/off.
* rsync:/path/to/repo can be used to run git over rsync for local
repositories. It may not be useful in practice; meant primarily for
testing.
* http transport learned to prompt and use password when fetching from or
pushing to http://user@host.xz/ URL.
* (msysgit) progress output that is sent over the sideband protocol can
be handled appropriately in Windows console.
* "--pretty=<style>" option to the log family of commands can now be
spelled as "--format=<style>". In addition, --format=%formatstring
is a short-hand for --pretty=tformat:%formatstring.
* "--oneline" is a synonym for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit".
* "--graph" to the "git log" family can draw the commit ancestry graph
in colors.
* If you realize that you botched the patch when you are editing hunks
with the 'edit' action in git-add -i/-p, you can abort the editor to
tell git not to apply it.
* @{-1} is a new way to refer to the last branch you were on introduced in
1.6.2, but the initial implementation did not teach this to a few
commands. Now the syntax works with "branch -m @{-1} newname".
* git-archive learned --output=<file> option.
* git-archive takes attributes from the tree being archived; strictly
speaking, this is an incompatible behaviour change, but is a good one.
Use --worktree-attributes option to allow it to read attributes from
the work tree as before (deprecated git-tar tree command always reads
attributes from the work tree).
* git-bisect shows not just the number of remaining commits whose goodness
is unknown, but also shows the estimated number of remaining rounds.
* You can give --date=<format> option to git-blame.
* "git-branch -r" shows HEAD symref that points at a remote branch in
interest of each tracked remote repository.
* "git-branch -v -v" is a new way to get list of names for branches and the
"upstream" branch for them.
* git-config learned -e option to open an editor to edit the config file
directly.
* git-clone runs post-checkout hook when run without --no-checkout.
* git-difftool is now part of the officially supported command, primarily
maintained by David Aguilar.
* git-for-each-ref learned a new "upstream" token.
* git-format-patch can be told to use attachment with a new configuration,
format.attach.
* git-format-patch can be told to produce deep or shallow message threads.
* git-format-patch can be told to always add sign-off with a configuration
variable.
* git-format-patch learned format.headers configuration to add extra
header fields to the output. This behaviour is similar to the existing
--add-header=<header> option of the command.
* git-format-patch gives human readable names to the attached files, when
told to send patches as attachments.
* git-grep learned to highlight the found substrings in color.
* git-imap-send learned to work around Thunderbird's inability to easily
disable format=flowed with a new configuration, imap.preformattedHTML.
* git-rebase can be told to rebase the series even if your branch is a
descendant of the commit you are rebasing onto with --force-rebase
option.
* git-rebase can be told to report diffstat with the --stat option.
* Output from git-remote command has been vastly improved.
* "git remote update --prune $remote" updates from the named remote and
then prunes stale tracking branches.
* git-send-email learned --confirm option to review the Cc: list before
sending the messages out.
(developers)
* Test scripts can be run under valgrind.
* Test scripts can be run with installed git.
* Makefile learned 'coverage' option to run the test suites with
coverage tracking enabled.
* Building the manpages with docbook-xsl between 1.69.1 and 1.71.1 now
requires setting DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP to work around a docbook-xsl bug.
This workaround used to be enabled by default, but causes problems
with newer versions of docbook-xsl. In addition, there are a few more
knobs you can tweak to work around issues with various versions of the
docbook-xsl package. See comments in Documentation/Makefile for details.
* Support for building and testing a subset of git on a system without a
working perl has been improved.
Fixes since v1.6.2
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.2.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.
Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
v1.6.2.X series.
* "git-apply" rejected a patch that swaps two files (i.e. renames A to B
and B to A at the same time). May need to be backported by cherry
picking d8c81df and then 7fac0ee).
* The initial checkout did not read the attributes from the .gitattribute
file that is being checked out.
* git-gc spent excessive amount of time to decide if an object appears
in a locally existing pack (if needed, backport by merging 69e020a).

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GIT v1.6.4.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.4
------------------
* An unquoted value in the configuration file, when it contains more than
one whitespaces in a row, got them replaced with a single space.
* "git am" used to accept a single piece of e-mail per file (not a mbox)
as its input, but multiple input format support in v1.6.4 broke it.
Apparently many people have been depending on this feature.
* The short help text for "git filter-branch" command was a single long
line, wrapped by terminals, and was hard to read.
* The "recursive" strategy of "git merge" segfaulted when a merge has
more than one merge-bases, and merging of these merge-bases involves
a rename/rename or a rename/add conflict.
* "git pull --rebase" did not use the right fork point when the
repository has already fetched from the upstream that rewinds the
branch it is based on in an earlier fetch.
* Explain the concept of fast-forward more fully in "git push"
documentation, and hint to refer to it from an error message when the
command refuses an update to protect the user.
* The default value for pack.deltacachesize, used by "git repack", is now
256M, instead of unbounded. Otherwise a repack of a moderately sized
repository would needlessly eat into swap.
* Document how "git repack" (hence "git gc") interacts with a repository
that borrows its objects from other repositories (e.g. ones created by
"git clone -s").
* "git show" on an annotated tag lacked a delimiting blank line between
the tag itself and the contents of the object it tags.
* "git verify-pack -v" erroneously reported number of objects with too
deep delta depths as "chain length 0" objects.
* Long names of authors and committers outside US-ASCII were sometimes
incorrectly shown in "gitweb".
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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GIT v1.6.4.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.4.1
--------------------
* --date=relative output between 1 and 5 years ago rounded the number of
years when saying X years Y months ago, instead of rounding it down.
* "git add -p" did not handle changes in executable bits correctly
(a regression around 1.6.3).
* "git apply" did not honor GNU diff's convention to mark the creation/deletion
event with UNIX epoch timestamp on missing side.
* "git checkout" incorrectly removed files in a directory pointed by a
symbolic link during a branch switch that replaces a directory with
a symbolic link.
* "git clean -d -f" happily descended into a subdirectory that is managed by a
separate git repository. It now requires two -f options for safety.
* "git fetch/push" over http transports had two rather grave bugs.
* "git format-patch --cover-letter" did not prepare the cover letter file
for use with non-ASCII strings when there are the series contributors with
non-ASCII names.
* "git pull origin branch" and "git fetch origin && git merge origin/branch"
left different merge messages in the resulting commit.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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GIT v1.6.4.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.4.2
--------------------
* "git clone" from an empty repository gave unnecessary error message,
even though it did everything else correctly.
* "git cvsserver" invoked git commands via "git-foo" style, which has long
been deprecated.
* "git fetch" and "git clone" had an extra sanity check to verify the
presence of the corresponding *.pack file before downloading *.idx
file by issuing a HEAD request. Github server however sometimes
gave 500 (Internal server error) response to HEAD even if a GET
request for *.pack file to the same URL would have succeeded, and broke
clone over HTTP from some of their repositories. As a workaround, this
verification has been removed (as it is not absolutely necessary).
* "git grep" did not like relative pathname to refer outside the current
directory when run from a subdirectory.
* an error message from "git push" was formatted in a very ugly way.
* "git svn" did not quote the subversion user name correctly when
running its author-prog helper program.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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GIT v1.6.4.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.4.4
--------------------
* The workaround for Github server that sometimes gave 500 (Internal server
error) response to HEAD requests in 1.6.4.3 introduced a regression that
caused re-fetching projects over http to segfault in certain cases due
to uninitialized pointer being freed.
* "git pull" on an unborn branch used to consider anything in the work
tree and the index discardable.
* "git diff -b/w" did not work well on the incomplete line at the end of
the file, due to an incorrect hashing of lines in the low-level xdiff
routines.
* "git checkout-index --prefix=$somewhere" used to work when $somewhere is
a symbolic link to a directory elsewhere, but v1.6.4.2 broke it.
* "git unpack-objects --strict", invoked when receive.fsckobjects
configuration is set in the receiving repository of "git push", did not
properly check the objects, especially the submodule links, it received.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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Git v1.6.4.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.4.4
--------------------
* Simplified base85 implementation.
* An overlong line after ".gitdir: " in a git file caused out of bounds
access to an array on the stack.
* "git count-objects" did not handle packs larger than 4G.
* "git rev-parse --parseopt --stop-at-non-option" did not stop at non option
when --keep-dashdash was in effect.
* "gitweb" can sometimes be tricked into parrotting a filename argument
given in a request without properly quoting.
Other minor fixes and documentation updates are included.

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GIT v1.6.4 Release Notes
========================
With the next major release, "git push" into a branch that is
currently checked out will be refused by default. You can choose
what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration
variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving repository.
To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
push running this release will issue a big warning when the
configuration variable is missing. Please refer to:
https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/GitFaq.html#non-bare
https://lore.kernel.org/git/7vbptlsuyv.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org/
for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
transition plan.
For a similar reason, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch
$killed in a remote repository $there, if $killed branch is the current
branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning. You can choose what
should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable
receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository.
Updates since v1.6.3
--------------------
(subsystems)
* gitweb Perl style clean-up.
* git-svn updates, including a new --authors-prog option to map author
names by invoking an external program, 'git svn reset' to unwind
'git svn fetch', support for more than one branches, documenting
of the useful --minimize-url feature, new "git svn gc" command, etc.
(portability)
* We feed iconv with "UTF-8" instead of "utf8"; the former is
understood more widely. Similarly updated test scripts to use
encoding names more widely understood (e.g. use "ISO8859-1" instead
of "ISO-8859-1").
* Various portability fixes/workarounds for different vintages of
SunOS, IRIX, and Windows.
* Git-over-ssh transport on Windows supports PuTTY plink and TortoisePlink.
(performance)
* Many repeated use of lstat() are optimized out in "checkout" codepath.
* git-status (and underlying git-diff-index --cached) are optimized
to take advantage of cache-tree information in the index.
(usability, bells and whistles)
* "git add --edit" lets users edit the whole patch text to fine-tune what
is added to the index.
* "git am" accepts StGIT series file as its input.
* "git bisect skip" skips to a more randomly chosen place in the hope
to avoid testing a commit that is too close to a commit that is
already known to be untestable.
* "git cvsexportcommit" learned -k option to stop CVS keywords expansion
* "git fast-export" learned to handle history simplification more
gracefully.
* "git fast-export" learned an option --tag-of-filtered-object to handle
dangling tags resulting from history simplification more usefully.
* "git grep" learned -p option to show the location of the match using the
same context hunk marker "git diff" uses.
* https transport can optionally be told that the used client
certificate is password protected, in which case it asks the
password only once.
* "git imap-send" is IPv6 aware.
* "git log --graph" draws graphs more compactly by using horizontal lines
when able.
* "git log --decorate" shows shorter refnames by stripping well-known
refs/* prefix.
* "git push $name" honors remote.$name.pushurl if present before
using remote.$name.url. In other words, the URL used for fetching
and pushing can be different.
* "git send-email" understands quoted aliases in .mailrc files (might
have to be backported to 1.6.3.X).
* "git send-email" can fetch the sender address from the configuration
variable "sendmail.from" (and "sendmail.<identity>.from").
* "git show-branch" can color its output.
* "add" and "update" subcommands to "git submodule" learned --reference
option to use local clone with references.
* "git submodule update" learned --rebase option to update checked
out submodules by rebasing the local changes.
* "gitweb" can optionally use gravatar to adorn author/committer names.
(developers)
* A major part of the "git bisect" wrapper has moved to C.
* Formatting with the new version of AsciiDoc 8.4.1 is now supported.
Fixes since v1.6.3
------------------
All of the fixes in v1.6.3.X maintenance series are included in this
release, unless otherwise noted.
Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
v1.6.3.X series.
* "git diff-tree -r -t" used to omit new or removed directories from
the output. df533f3 (diff-tree -r -t: include added/removed
directories in the output, 2009-06-13) may need to be cherry-picked
to backport this fix.
* The way Git.pm sets up a Repository object was not friendly to callers
that chdir around. It now internally records the repository location
as an absolute path when autodetected.
* Removing a section with "git config --remove-section", when its
section header has a variable definition on the same line, lost
that variable definition.
* "git rebase -p --onto" used to always leave side branches of a merge
intact, even when both branches are subject to rewriting.
* "git repack" used to faithfully follow grafts and considered true
parents recorded in the commit object unreachable from the commit.
After such a repacking, you cannot remove grafts without corrupting
the repository.
* "git send-email" did not detect erroneous loops in alias expansion.

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GIT v1.6.5.1 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5
------------------
* An corrupt pack could make codepath to read objects into an
infinite loop.
* Download throughput display was always shown in KiB/s but on fast links
it is more appropriate to show it in MiB/s.
* "git grep -f filename" used uninitialized variable and segfaulted.
* "git clone -b branch" gave a wrong commit object name to post-checkout
hook.
* "git pull" over http did not work on msys.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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GIT v1.6.5.2 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.1
--------------------
* Installation of templates triggered a bug in busybox when using tar
implementation from it.
* "git add -i" incorrectly ignored paths that are already in the index
if they matched .gitignore patterns.
* "git describe --always" should have produced some output even there
were no tags in the repository, but it didn't.
* "git ls-files" when showing tracked files incorrectly paid attention
to the exclude patterns.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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Git v1.6.5.3 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.2
--------------------
* info/grafts file didn't ignore trailing CR at the end of lines.
* Packages generated on newer FC were unreadable by older versions of
RPM as the new default is to use stronger hash.
* output from "git blame" was unreadable when the file ended in an
incomplete line.
* "git add -i/-p" didn't handle deletion of empty files correctly.
* "git clone" takes up to two parameters, but did not complain when
given more arguments than necessary and silently ignored them.
* "git cvsimport" did not read files given as command line arguments
correctly when it is run from a subdirectory.
* "git diff --color-words -U0" didn't work correctly.
* The handling of blank lines at the end of file by "git diff/apply
--whitespace" was inconsistent with the other kinds of errors.
They are now colored, warned against, and fixed the same way as others.
* There was no way to allow blank lines at the end of file without
allowing extra blanks at the end of lines. You can use blank-at-eof
and blank-at-eol whitespace error class to specify them separately.
The old trailing-space error class is now a short-hand to set both.
* "-p" option to "git format-patch" was supposed to suppress diffstat
generation, but it was broken since 1.6.1.
* "git imap-send" did not compile cleanly with newer OpenSSL.
* "git help -a" outside of a git repository was broken.
* "git ls-files -i" was supposed to be inverse of "git ls-files" without -i
with respect to exclude patterns, but it was broken since 1.6.5.2.
* "git ls-remote" outside of a git repository over http was broken.
* "git rebase -i" gave bogus error message when the command word was
misspelled.
* "git receive-pack" that is run in response to "git push" did not run
garbage collection nor update-server-info, but in larger hosting sites,
these almost always need to be run. To help site administrators, the
command now runs "gc --auto" and "u-s-i" by setting receive.autogc
and receive.updateserverinfo configuration variables, respectively.
* Release notes spelled the package name with incorrect capitalization.
* "gitweb" did not escape non-ascii characters correctly in the URL.
* "gitweb" showed "patch" link even for merge commits.
* "gitweb" showed incorrect links for blob line numbers in pathinfo mode.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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Git v1.6.5.4 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.3
--------------------
* "git help" (without argument) used to check if you are in a directory
under git control. There was no breakage in behaviour per-se, but this
was unnecessary.
* "git prune-packed" gave progress output even when its standard error is
not connected to a terminal; this caused cron jobs that run it to
produce cruft.
* "git pack-objects --all-progress" is an option to ask progress output
from write-object phase _if_ progress output were to be produced, and
shouldn't have forced the progress output.
* "git apply -p<n> --directory=<elsewhere>" did not work well for a
non-default value of n.
* "git merge foo HEAD" was misparsed as an old-style invocation of the
command and produced a confusing error message. As it does not specify
any other branch to merge, it shouldn't be mistaken as such. We will
remove the old style "git merge <message> HEAD <commit>..." syntax in
future versions, but not in this release,
* "git merge -m <message> <branch>..." added the standard merge message
on its own after user-supplied message, which should have overridden the
standard one.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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Git v1.6.5.5 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.4
--------------------
* Manual pages can be formatted with older xmlto again.
* GREP_OPTIONS exported from user's environment could have broken
our scripted commands.
* In configuration files, a few variables that name paths can begin with
~/ and ~username/ and they are expanded as expected. This is not a
bugfix but 1.6.6 will have this and without backporting users cannot
easily use the same ~/.gitconfig across versions.
* "git diff -B -M" did the same computation to hash lines of contents
twice, and held onto memory after it has used the data in it
unnecessarily before it freed.
* "git diff -B" and "git diff --dirstat" was not counting newly added
contents correctly.
* "git format-patch revisions... -- path" issued an incorrect error
message that suggested to use "--" on the command line when path
does not exist in the current work tree (it is a separate matter if
it makes sense to limit format-patch with pathspecs like that
without using the --full-diff option).
* "git grep -F -i StRiNg" did not work as expected.
* Enumeration of available merge strategies iterated over the list of
commands in a wrong way, sometimes producing an incorrect result.
* "git shortlog" did not honor the "encoding" header embedded in the
commit object like "git log" did.
* Reading progress messages that come from the remote side while running
"git pull" is given precedence over reading the actual pack data to
prevent garbled progress message on the user's terminal.
* "git rebase" got confused when the log message began with certain
strings that looked like Subject:, Date: or From: header.
* "git reset" accidentally run in .git/ directory checked out the
work tree contents in there.
Other minor documentation updates are included.

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Git v1.6.5.6 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.5
--------------------
* "git add -p" had a regression since v1.6.5.3 that broke deletion of
non-empty files.
* "git archive -o o.zip -- Makefile" produced an archive in o.zip
but in POSIX tar format.
* Error message given to "git pull --rebase" when the user didn't give
enough clue as to what branch to integrate with still talked about
"merging with" the branch.
* Error messages given by "git merge" when the merge resulted in a
fast-forward still were in plumbing lingo, even though in v1.6.5
we reworded messages in other cases.
* The post-upload-hook run by upload-pack in response to "git fetch" has
been removed, due to security concerns (the hook first appeared in
1.6.5).

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Git v1.6.5.7 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.6
--------------------
* If a user specifies a color for a <slot> (i.e. a class of things to show
in a particular color) that is known only by newer versions of git
(e.g. "color.diff.func" was recently added for upcoming 1.6.6 release),
an older version of git should just ignore them. Instead we diagnosed
it as an error.
* With help.autocorrect set to non-zero value, the logic to guess typos
in the subcommand name misfired and ran a random nonsense command.
* If a command is run with an absolute path as a pathspec inside a bare
repository, e.g. "rev-list HEAD -- /home", the code tried to run
strlen() on NULL, which is the result of get_git_work_tree(), and
segfaulted.

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Git v1.6.5.8 Release Notes
==========================
Fixes since v1.6.5.7
--------------------
* "git count-objects" did not handle packfiles that are bigger than 4G on
platforms with 32-bit off_t.
* "git rebase -i" did not abort cleanly if it failed to launch the editor.
* "git blame" did not work well when commit lacked the author name.
* "git fast-import" choked when handling a tag that points at an object
that is not a commit.
* "git reset --hard" did not work correctly when GIT_WORK_TREE environment
variable is used to point at the root of the true work tree.
* "git grep" fed a buffer that is not NUL-terminated to underlying
regexec().
* "git checkout -m other" while on a branch that does not have any commit
segfaulted, instead of failing.
* "git branch -a other" should have diagnosed the command as an error.
Other minor documentation updates are also included.

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